Colors of Ionic Solids

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Questions and Answers

What is the typical color of ionic solids containing s-block metal cations (e.g., Li+, Na+, Be2+, Mg2+)?

white

What is the color of ionic solids containing the ammonium ion (NH4+)?

white

What is the color of ionic solids containing the aluminum ion (Al3+)?

white

What is the color of ionic solids containing Sc3+ or Zn2+ ions?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Iron(II) hydroxide (Fe(OH)2)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Iron(II) oxide (FeO)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Iron(II) sulfide (FeS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)3)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Iron(III) sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Iron(III) thiocyanate (Fe(SCN)3)?

<p>blood red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of anhydrous Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of hydrated Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4 â‹… 5H2O)?

<p>blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2)?

<p>blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Copper(II) hydroxide (Cu(OH)2)?

<p>pale blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Copper(II) carbonate (CuCO3)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Copper(II) oxide (CuO)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Copper(II) sulfide (CuS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Copper(II) hexacyanoferrate(II) (Cu2[Fe(CN)6])?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver chloride (AgCl)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver cyanide (AgCN)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver sulfate (Ag2SO4)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver bromide (AgBr)?

<p>pale yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver carbonate (Ag2CO3)?

<p>pale yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver iodide (AgI)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver phosphate (Ag3PO4)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver(I) oxide (Ag2O)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver sulfide (Ag2S)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver chromate (Ag2CrO4)?

<p>brick red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(IV) oxide (PbO2)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II,IV) oxide (Pb3O4)?

<p>orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) oxide (PbO)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) iodide (PbI2)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) chromate (PbCrO4)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) sulfide (PbS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) hydroxide (Pb(OH)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) chloride (PbCl2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) bromide (PbBr2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) sulfate (PbSO4)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) sulfite (PbSO3)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) phosphate (Pb3(PO4)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) acetate (Pb(CH3COO)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) carbonate (PbCO3)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Chromium(III) hydroxide (Cr(OH)3)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Chromium(III) sulfate (Cr2(SO4)3)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Chromium(VI) oxide (CrO3)?

<p>red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Mercury(II) oxide (HgO)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Mercury(II) iodide (HgI2)?

<p>red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Mercury(II) sulfide (HgS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Bismuth(III) sulfide (Bi2S3)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Nickel(II) sulfide (NiS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Cobalt(II) sulfide (CoS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Zinc sulfide (ZnS)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Manganese(II) sulfide (MnS)?

<p>pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Manganese(II) hydroxide (Mn(OH)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Manganese(III) oxide (Mn2O3)?

<p>purple</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2)?

<p>dark brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Antimony oxychloride (SbOCl)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Cadmium sulfide (CdS)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Arsenic(III) sulfide (As2S3)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Arsenic(V) sulfide (As2S5)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Tin(IV) sulfide (SnS2)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Tin(II) sulfide (SnS)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Antimony(III) sulfide (Sb2S3)?

<p>orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic color of compounds containing the permanganate ion (MnO4-)?

<p>purple</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic color of compounds containing the manganate ion (MnO4 2-)?

<p>dark green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic color of compounds containing the dichromate ion (Cr2O7 2-)?

<p>orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic color of compounds containing the chromate ion (CrO4 2-)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical color of ionic compounds containing s-block metal cations (e.g., Li+, Na+, Be2+, Mg2+)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical color of ionic compounds containing the ammonium ion (NH4+)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical color of ionic compounds containing Al3+?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical color of ionic compounds containing Sc3+ or Zn2+?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4)?

<p>green (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Iron(II) hydroxide (Fe(OH)2)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Iron(II) oxide (FeO)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Iron(II) sulfide (FeS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)3)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Iron(III) sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Iron(III) thiocyanate (Fe(SCN)3)?

<p>blood red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of anhydrous Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of hydrated Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4 â‹… 5H2O)?

<p>blue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2)?

<p>blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Copper(II) hydroxide (Cu(OH)2)?

<p>pale blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Copper(II) carbonate (CuCO3)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Copper(II) oxide (CuO)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Copper(II) sulfide (CuS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Copper(II) hexacyanoferrate(II) (Cu2[Fe(CN)6])?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver chloride (AgCl)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver cyanide (AgCN)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver sulfate (AgSO4)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver bromide (AgBr)?

<p>pale yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver carbonate (Ag2CO3)?

<p>pale yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver iodide (AgI)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver phosphate (Ag3PO4)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver oxide (Ag2O)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver sulfide (Ag2S)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Silver chromate (Ag2CrO4)?

<p>brick red (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(IV) oxide (PbO2)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II,IV) oxide (Pb3O4)?

<p>orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) oxide (PbO)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) iodide (PbI2)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) chromate (PbCrO4)?

<p>yellow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) sulfide (PbS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) hydroxide (Pb(OH)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) chloride (PbCl2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) bromide (PbBr2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) sulfate (PbSO4)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) sulfite (PbSO3)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) phosphate (Pb3(PO4)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) acetate (Pb(CH3COO)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lead(II) carbonate (PbCO3)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Chromium(III) hydroxide (Cr(OH)3)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Chromium(III) sulfate (Cr2(SO4)3)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Chromium(VI) oxide (CrO3)?

<p>red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Mercury(II) oxide (HgO)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Mercury(II) iodide (HgI2)?

<p>red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Mercury(II) sulfide (HgS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Bismuth(III) sulfide (Bi2S3)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Nickel(II) sulfide (NiS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Cobalt(II) sulfide (CoS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Zinc sulfide (ZnS)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Manganese(II) sulfide (MnS)?

<p>pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Manganese(II) hydroxide (Mn(OH)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Manganese(III) oxide (Mn2O3)?

<p>purple</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2)?

<p>dark brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Antimony(III) oxychloride (SbOCl)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Bismuth(III) oxychloride (BiOCl)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Cadmium sulfide (CdS)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Arsenic(III) sulfide (As2S3)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Arsenic(V) sulfide (As2S5)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Tin(IV) sulfide (SnS2)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Tin(II) sulfide (SnS)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Antimony(III) sulfide (Sb2S3)?

<p>orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic color of permanganate compounds (containing the MnO4- ion)?

<p>purple (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic color of manganate compounds (containing the MnO4 2- ion)?

<p>dark green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic color of dichromate compounds (containing the Cr2O7 2- ion)?

<p>orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic color of chromate compounds (containing the CrO4 2- ion)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color are most ionic solids containing s-block metal cations (like Li+, Na+, Be2+, Mg2+)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of ionic solids containing the ammonium ion (NH4+)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of ionic solids containing the aluminum ion (Al3+)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color are ionic solids containing Sc3+ or Zn2+ ions?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of iron(II) hydroxide (Fe(OH)2)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Iron(II) compounds is black?

<p>FeO (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of iron(II) sulfide (FeS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)3)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of iron(III) sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic color of iron(III) thiocyanate (Fe(SCN)3)?

<p>blood red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of anhydrous copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of hydrated copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4 â‹… 5H2O)?

<p>Blue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2)?

<p>blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of copper(II) hydroxide (Cu(OH)2)?

<p>pale blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of copper(II) carbonate (CuCO3)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of copper(II) oxide (CuO)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of copper(II) sulfide (CuS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of copper(II) hexacyanoferrate(II) (Cu2[Fe(CN)6])?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the silver halide compound to its color:

<p>AgCl = White AgBr = Pale yellow AgI = Yellow AgF = White (soluble)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is silver cyanide (AgCN)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is silver sulfate (AgSO4)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of silver carbonate (Ag2CO3)?

<p>pale yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of silver phosphate (Ag3PO4)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of silver oxide (Ag2O)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of silver sulfide (Ag2S)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of silver chromate (Ag2CrO4)?

<p>brick red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of lead(IV) oxide (PbO2)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of lead(II,IV) oxide (Pb3O4), also known as red lead?

<p>orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lead compounds is yellow?

<p>PbO (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of lead(II) iodide (PbI2)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of lead(II) chromate (PbCrO4)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of lead(II) sulfide (PbS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of lead(II) hydroxide (Pb(OH)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of lead(II) chloride (PbCl2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of lead(II) bromide (PbBr2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is lead(II) sulfate (PbSO4)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is lead(II) sulfite (PbSO3)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is lead(II) phosphate (Pb3(PO4)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is lead(II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is lead(II) acetate (Pb(CH3COO)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is lead(II) carbonate (PbCO3)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of chromium(III) hydroxide (Cr(OH)3)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of chromium(III) sulfate (Cr2(SO4)3)?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of chromium(VI) oxide (CrO3)?

<p>red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of mercury(II) oxide (HgO)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of mercury(II) iodide (HgI2)?

<p>red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of mercury(II) sulfide (HgS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of bismuth(III) sulfide (Bi2S3)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of nickel(II) sulfide (NiS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of cobalt(II) sulfide (CoS)?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of zinc sulfide (ZnS)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of manganese(II) sulfide (MnS)?

<p>pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is manganese(II) hydroxide (Mn(OH)2)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of manganese(III) oxide (Mn2O3)?

<p>purple</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2)?

<p>dark brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of antimony oxychloride (SbOCl)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl)?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of cadmium sulfide (CdS)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of arsenic(III) sulfide (As2S3)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of arsenic(V) sulfide (As2S5)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of tin(IV) sulfide (SnS2)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of tin(II) sulfide (SnS)?

<p>brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of antimony(III) sulfide (Sb2S3)?

<p>orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic color of compounds containing the permanganate ion (MnO4-)?

<p>purple</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic color of compounds containing the manganate ion (MnO4 2-)?

<p>dark green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic color of compounds containing the dichromate ion (Cr2O7 2-)?

<p>orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic color of compounds containing the chromate ion (CrO4 2-)?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

s-block metal cations

White

Ammonium (NH4+)

White

Aluminum (Al3+)

White

Sc3+, Zn2+

White

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FeSO4

Green

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Fe(OH)2

Green

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FeO

Black

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FeS

Black

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Fe2O3

Brown

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Fe(OH)3

Brown

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Fe2(SO4)3

Brown

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Fe(SCN)3

Blood red

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CuSO4

White

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CuSO4 â‹… 5H2O

Blue

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Cu(NO3)2

Blue

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Cu(OH)2

Pale Blue

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CuCO3

Green

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CuO

Black

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CuS

Black

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Cu2[Fe(CN)6]

Brown

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AgCl

White

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AgCN

White

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AgSO4

White

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AgBr

Pale Yellow

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Ag2CO3

Pale Yellow

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AgI

Yellow

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Ag3PO4

Yellow

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Ag2O

Brown

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Ag2S

Black

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Ag2CrO4

Brick Red

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PbO2

Brown

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Pb3O4

Orange

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PbO

Yellow

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PbI2

Yellow

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PbCrO4

Yellow

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PbS

Black

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Pb(OH)2

White

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PbCl2

White

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PbBr2

White

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PbSO4

White

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PbSO3

White

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Pb3(PO4)2

White

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Pb(NO3)2

White

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Pb(CH3COO)2

White

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PbCO3

White

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Cr(OH)3

Green

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Cr2O3

Green

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Cr2(SO4)3

Green

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CrO3

Red

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HgO

Yellow

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HgI2

Red

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HgS

Black

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Bi2S3

Black

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NiS

Black

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CoS

Black

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ZnS

White

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Zn(OH)2

White

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MnS

Pink

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Mn(OH)2

White

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Mn2O3

Purple

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MnO2

Dark Brown

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SbOCl

White

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BiOCl

White

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CdS

Yellow

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As2S3

Yellow

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As2S5

Yellow

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SnS2

Yellow

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SnS

Brown

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Sb2S3

Orange

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MnO4 - compounds

Purple

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MnO4 2- compounds

Dark Green

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Cr2O7 2- compounds

Orange

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CrO4 2- compounds

Yellow

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Study Notes

  • The colors of ionic solids are determined by the identity of the constituent ions.
  • Cations and anions can impart different colors to compounds.

White Ionic Solids

  • s-block metal cations such as Li+, Na+, Be2+, and Mg2+ typically form white compounds.
  • Ammonium (NH4+) compounds are generally white.
  • Aluminum (Al3+) compounds are usually white.
  • Scandium (Sc3+) and Zinc (Zn2+) compounds tend to be white.
  • Copper(I) sulfate (CuSO4) is white.
  • Silver chloride (AgCl) is white.
  • Silver cyanide (AgCN) is white.
  • Silver sulfate (AgSO4) is white.
  • Lead(II) hydroxide (Pb(OH)2) is white.
  • Lead(II) chloride (PbCl2) is white.
  • Lead(II) bromide (PbBr2) is white.
  • Lead(II) sulfate (PbSO4) is white.
  • Lead(II) sulfite (PbSO3) is white.
  • Lead(II) phosphate (Pb3(PO4)2) is white.
  • Lead(II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) is white.
  • Lead(II) acetate (Pb(CH3COO)2) is white.
  • Lead(II) carbonate (PbCO3) is white.
  • Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is white.
  • Zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2) is white.
  • Manganese(II) hydroxide (Mn(OH)2) is white.
  • Antimony oxychloride (SbOCl) is white.
  • Bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) is white.

Green Ionic Solids

  • Iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4) is green.
  • Iron(II) hydroxide (Fe(OH)2) is green.
  • Copper(II) carbonate (CuCO3) is green.
  • Chromium(III) hydroxide (Cr(OH)3) is green.
  • Chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3) is green.
  • Chromium(III) sulfate (Cr2(SO4)3) is green.
  • Compounds containing MnO4 2- are dark green.

Black Ionic Solids

  • Iron(II) oxide (FeO) is black.
  • Iron(II) sulfide (FeS) is black.
  • Copper(II) oxide (CuO) is black.
  • Copper(II) sulfide (CuS) is black.
  • Silver sulfide (Ag2S) is black.
  • Lead(II) sulfide (PbS) is black.
  • Mercury(II) sulfide (HgS) is black.
  • Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) is black.
  • Nickel sulfide (NiS) is black.
  • Cobalt sulfide (CoS) is black.

Brown Ionic Solids

  • Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) is brown.
  • Iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)3) is brown.
  • Iron(III) sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3) is brown.
  • Copper(II) hexacyanoferrate(II) (Cu2[Fe(CN)6]) is brown.
  • Silver oxide (Ag2O) is brown.
  • Lead(IV) oxide (PbO2) is brown.
  • Tin(II) sulfide (SnS) is brown.
  • Manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2) is dark brown.

Red Ionic Solids

  • Iron(III) thiocyanate (Fe(SCN)3) is blood red.
  • Chromium(VI) oxide (CrO3) is red.
  • Mercury(II) iodide (HgI2) is red.
  • Silver chromate (Ag2CrO4) is brick red.

Blue Ionic Solids

  • Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4 â‹… 5H2O) is blue.
  • Copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2) is blue.
  • Copper(II) hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) is pale blue.

Yellow Ionic Solids

  • Silver bromide (AgBr) is pale yellow.
  • Silver carbonate (Ag2CO3) is pale yellow.
  • Silver iodide (AgI) is yellow.
  • Silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) is yellow.
  • Lead(II) oxide (PbO) is yellow.
  • Lead(II) iodide (PbI2) is yellow.
  • Lead(II) chromate (PbCrO4) is yellow.
  • Mercury(II) oxide (HgO) is yellow.
  • Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is yellow.
  • Arsenic sulfide (As2S3) is yellow.
  • Arsenic sulfide (As2S5) is yellow.
  • Tin(IV) sulfide (SnS2) is yellow.
  • Compounds containing CrO4 2- are yellow.

Orange Ionic Solids

  • Lead tetroxide (Pb3O4) is orange.
  • Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is orange.
  • Compounds containing Cr2O7 2- are orange.

Pink Ionic Solids

  • Manganese(II) sulfide (MnS) is pink.

Purple Ionic Solids

  • Manganese(III) oxide (Mn2O3) is purple.
  • Compounds containing MnO4 - are purple.

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