Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the main bronchi is larger in diameter?
Which of the main bronchi is larger in diameter?
Which of the main bronchi is more horizontal?
Which of the main bronchi is more horizontal?
Which of the main bronchi is the most common site for lodging of a foreign object?
Which of the main bronchi is the most common site for lodging of a foreign object?
Air enters the nasal cavity of the respiratory system through the ______.
Air enters the nasal cavity of the respiratory system through the ______.
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The nasal cavity is divided by the midline ______.
The nasal cavity is divided by the midline ______.
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The major functions of the nasal cavity are to ______, ______, and ______ the incoming air.
The major functions of the nasal cavity are to ______, ______, and ______ the incoming air.
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Mucous membrane-lined cavities called ______ ______ are found in several bones surrounding the nasal cavities.
Mucous membrane-lined cavities called ______ ______ are found in several bones surrounding the nasal cavities.
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Paranasal sinuses make the skull less heavy and probably act as resonance chambers for ______.
Paranasal sinuses make the skull less heavy and probably act as resonance chambers for ______.
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Match the following passageway with its description:
Match the following passageway with its description:
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Clusters of lymphatic tissue, ______, are part of the defense system of the body.
Clusters of lymphatic tissue, ______, are part of the defense system of the body.
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Reinforcement of the trachea with 1 rights prevents its collapse during 2 changes that occur during breathing.
Reinforcement of the trachea with 1 rights prevents its collapse during 2 changes that occur during breathing.
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The fact that the rings are incomplete posteriorly allows a food bolus to bulge ______ during its transport to the stomach.
The fact that the rings are incomplete posteriorly allows a food bolus to bulge ______ during its transport to the stomach.
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The larynx or voice box is built from many cartilages, but the largest is the _____ cartilage.
The larynx or voice box is built from many cartilages, but the largest is the _____ cartilage.
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Within the larynx are the 1, which vibrate with exhaled air and allow an individual to 2.
Within the larynx are the 1, which vibrate with exhaled air and allow an individual to 2.
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Which doesn't belong? Sphenoidal, Maxillary, Mandibular, Ethmoidal, Frontal
Which doesn't belong? Sphenoidal, Maxillary, Mandibular, Ethmoidal, Frontal
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Which doesn't belong? Nasal Cavity, Trachea, Alveolus, Larynx, Bronchus
Which doesn't belong? Nasal Cavity, Trachea, Alveolus, Larynx, Bronchus
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Which doesn't belong? Apex, Base, Hilum, Larynx, Pleura
Which doesn't belong? Apex, Base, Hilum, Larynx, Pleura
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Which doesn't belong? Sinusitis, Peritonitis, Pleurisy, Tonsilitis, Laryngitis
Which doesn't belong? Sinusitis, Peritonitis, Pleurisy, Tonsilitis, Laryngitis
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Which doesn't belong? Laryngopharynx, Oropharynx, Transports air and food, Nasopharynx
Which doesn't belong? Laryngopharynx, Oropharynx, Transports air and food, Nasopharynx
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Which doesn't belong? Alveoli, Respiratory Zone, Alveolar sac, Main Bronchus
Which doesn't belong? Alveoli, Respiratory Zone, Alveolar sac, Main Bronchus
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What is the smallest conducting respiratory passage?
What is the smallest conducting respiratory passage?
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What separates the oral and nasal cavities?
What separates the oral and nasal cavities?
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What is the major nerve that stimulates the diaphragm?
What is the major nerve that stimulates the diaphragm?
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What is the food passageway that is posterior to the trachea?
What is the food passageway that is posterior to the trachea?
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What closes off the larynx during swallowing?
What closes off the larynx during swallowing?
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What is another name for the windpipe?
What is another name for the windpipe?
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What is the actual site of gas exchange?
What is the actual site of gas exchange?
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What is the pleural layer covering the thorax walls?
What is the pleural layer covering the thorax walls?
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What is the pleural layer covering the lungs?
What is the pleural layer covering the lungs?
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What is the opening between vocal folds?
What is the opening between vocal folds?
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What are the fleshy lobes in the nasal cavity that increase its surface area?
What are the fleshy lobes in the nasal cavity that increase its surface area?
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What vibrate with expired air?
What vibrate with expired air?
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With the exception of the stroma of the lungs, which is ______ tissue, the lungs are mostly air spaces of which the alveoli compose the greatest part.
With the exception of the stroma of the lungs, which is ______ tissue, the lungs are mostly air spaces of which the alveoli compose the greatest part.
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The bulk of the alveolar walls are made up of squamous epithelial cells, which are well suited for their ______ function.
The bulk of the alveolar walls are made up of squamous epithelial cells, which are well suited for their ______ function.
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Much less numerous cuboidal cells produce a fluid that coats the air-exposed surface of the alveolus and contains a lipid-based molecule called 1 that functions to 2 of the alveolar fluid.
Much less numerous cuboidal cells produce a fluid that coats the air-exposed surface of the alveolus and contains a lipid-based molecule called 1 that functions to 2 of the alveolar fluid.
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What is the respiratory volume inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing?
What is the respiratory volume inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing?
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What is the air in respiratory passages that does not contribute to gas exchange?
What is the air in respiratory passages that does not contribute to gas exchange?
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What is the total amount of exchangeable air?
What is the total amount of exchangeable air?
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What gas volume allows gas exchange to go on continuously?
What gas volume allows gas exchange to go on continuously?
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What is the amount of air that can still be exhaled (forcibly) after a normal exhalation?
What is the amount of air that can still be exhaled (forcibly) after a normal exhalation?
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All gas exchanges are made by ____.
All gas exchanges are made by ____.
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When substances pass in this manner [diffusion], they move from areas of their 1 to areas of their 2.
When substances pass in this manner [diffusion], they move from areas of their 1 to areas of their 2.
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Oxygen continually passes from the 1 and then from the 2.
Oxygen continually passes from the 1 and then from the 2.
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Opposite of oxygen, carbon dioxide moves from the 1 and from the 2.
Opposite of oxygen, carbon dioxide moves from the 1 and from the 2.
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From there, carbon passes out of the body during expiration. As a result of such exchanges, arterial blood tends to be 1 while venous blood is 2.
From there, carbon passes out of the body during expiration. As a result of such exchanges, arterial blood tends to be 1 while venous blood is 2.
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Most oxygen is transported bound to ____ inside the red blood cells.
Most oxygen is transported bound to ____ inside the red blood cells.
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Most carbon dioxide is carried in the form of 1 in the 2.
Most carbon dioxide is carried in the form of 1 in the 2.
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Carbon monoxide poisoning is lethal because carbon monoxide competes with ____ for binding sites.
Carbon monoxide poisoning is lethal because carbon monoxide competes with ____ for binding sites.
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Which doesn't belong? Higher Respiratory rate, lower in blood CO2, alkalosis, acidosis
Which doesn't belong? Higher Respiratory rate, lower in blood CO2, alkalosis, acidosis
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Which doesn't belong? Acidosis, Increased Carbonic acid, decreased pH, increased pH
Which doesn't belong? Acidosis, Increased Carbonic acid, decreased pH, increased pH
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Which doesn't belong? Acidosis, hyperventilation, hypoventilation, CO2 buildup
Which doesn't belong? Acidosis, hyperventilation, hypoventilation, CO2 buildup
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Which doesn't belong? Apnea, Cyanosis, increased oxygen, decreased oxygen
Which doesn't belong? Apnea, Cyanosis, increased oxygen, decreased oxygen
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Which doesn't belong? increased respiratory rate, increased exercise, anger, increased CO2 in blood
Which doesn't belong? increased respiratory rate, increased exercise, anger, increased CO2 in blood
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Which doesn't belong? High Altitude, decreased PO2, increased PCO2, decreased atmospheric pressure
Which doesn't belong? High Altitude, decreased PO2, increased PCO2, decreased atmospheric pressure
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What is the respiratory rate of a newborn baby?
What is the respiratory rate of a newborn baby?
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In a healthy adult, what is the respiratory rate range?
In a healthy adult, what is the respiratory rate range?
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Most problems that interfere with the operation of the respiratory system fall into one of the following categories: infections such as pneumonia, obstructive conditions such as 1 and 2, and/or conditions that destroy lung tissue, such as 3.
Most problems that interfere with the operation of the respiratory system fall into one of the following categories: infections such as pneumonia, obstructive conditions such as 1 and 2, and/or conditions that destroy lung tissue, such as 3.
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With age, the lungs lose their 1, and the 2 of the lungs decreases.
With age, the lungs lose their 1, and the 2 of the lungs decreases.
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Protective mechanisms also become less efficient, causing elderly individuals to be more susceptible to ____.
Protective mechanisms also become less efficient, causing elderly individuals to be more susceptible to ____.
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What is the term for lack or cessation of breathing?
What is the term for lack or cessation of breathing?
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What is the term for normal breathing in terms of rate and depth?
What is the term for normal breathing in terms of rate and depth?
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What is the term for labored breathing, or 'air hunger'?
What is the term for labored breathing, or 'air hunger'?
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What is the condition characterized by chronic oxygen deficiency?
What is the condition characterized by chronic oxygen deficiency?
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What condition is characterized by loss of lung elasticity and an increase in the size of the alveolar chambers?
What condition is characterized by loss of lung elasticity and an increase in the size of the alveolar chambers?
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What condition is characterized by increased mucus production, which clogs respiratory passageways and promotes coughing?
What condition is characterized by increased mucus production, which clogs respiratory passageways and promotes coughing?
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What is the condition where respiratory passageways are narrowed by bronchiolar spasms?
What is the condition where respiratory passageways are narrowed by bronchiolar spasms?
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What are the conditions together called COPD?
What are the conditions together called COPD?
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What condition is strongly associated with cigarette smoking and has a poor outlook?
What condition is strongly associated with cigarette smoking and has a poor outlook?
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What is the infection spread by airborne bacteria with a recent alarming increase in drug-resistant cases?
What is the infection spread by airborne bacteria with a recent alarming increase in drug-resistant cases?
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Study Notes
Main Bronchi Characteristics
- Right main bronchus is larger in diameter than the left.
- Left main bronchus is more horizontal compared to the right.
- The right bronchus is the most common site for foreign object aspiration.
Nasal Cavity Functionality
- Air enters the nasal cavity through the nostrils (nares).
- The nasal cavity is divided by the nasal septum.
- Major functions of the nasal cavity include purifying, humidifying, and warming incoming air.
Paranasal Sinuses
- Paranasal sinuses are mucous membrane-lined cavities surrounding the nasal cavities.
- They reduce skull weight and act as resonance chambers for speech.
Pharynx and Structures
- The pharynx connects the nasal cavity with the posterior nasal aperture and acts as a passage for air and food.
- Tonsils are clusters of lymphatic tissue that function within the body's defense system.
Trachea Structure
- Trachea is reinforced with hyaline cartilage rings to prevent collapse during pressure changes in breathing.
- Incomplete rings at the back allow food boluses to pass anteriorly.
Larynx Overview
- The larynx, or voice box, contains multiple cartilages, with the largest being the thyroid cartilage.
- Vocal cords within the larynx vibrate to produce sound during exhalation.
Conducting Airways
- Bronchioles are the smallest conducting passages in the respiratory system.
- The palate separates the oral and nasal cavities.
Respiratory Volumes
- Tidal volume (TV) refers to the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing.
- Vital capacity (VC) is the total amount of exchangeable air.
- Residual volume (RV) is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after expiration.
Gas Exchange Mechanisms
- Gas exchange occurs primarily through diffusion, moving from areas of higher to lower concentration.
- Oxygen moves from alveoli to capillary blood and then to tissue cells.
- Carbon dioxide moves from tissue cells to capillary blood and then to alveolar air for expiration.
Hemoglobin and Carbon Dioxide Transport
- Hemoglobin within red blood cells primarily transports oxygen.
- Most carbon dioxide travels as bicarbonate ions in blood plasma.
Respiratory Rates
- Newborns have a respiratory rate of 40-80 breaths per minute, while healthy adults typically breathe 12-18 times per minute.
Respiratory Conditions
- Common respiratory issues include infections like pneumonia, obstructive conditions such as asthma and chronic bronchitis, and diseases that destroy lung tissue like tuberculosis.
Age-related Changes
- As individuals age, lung elasticity diminishes and vital capacity decreases, leading to susceptibility to respiratory infections.
Breathing Conditions
- Apnea refers to a lack or cessation of breathing.
- Eupnea describes normal breathing rates and depths.
- Dyspnea indicates labored breathing or air hunger, while hypoxia refers to chronic oxygen deficiency.
Chronic Respiratory Conditions
- Emphysema is characterized by loss of lung elasticity and enlarged alveolar chambers.
- Chronic bronchitis results in increased mucus production that obstructs airways.
- Asthma involves narrowed respiratory pathways due to spasms.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are collectively known as COPD, linked to significant morbidity and mortality.
Lung Cancer and Infectious Diseases
- Lung cancer has a strong association with cigarette smoking, leading to poor prognosis.
- Tuberculosis is an airborne infection growing in drug-resistant strains.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of the respiratory system with these flashcards from Chapter 13 of the coloring workbook. Each card features key questions about the structure and function of the bronchi. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of respiratory anatomy.
