Coloring Workbook Chapter 13: Respiratory System

Questions and Answers

Which of the main bronchi is larger in diameter?

Left

Right (correct)

Which of the main bronchi is more horizontal?

Left (correct)

Right

Which of the main bronchi is the most common site for lodging of a foreign object?

Right (correct)

Left

Air enters the nasal cavity of the respiratory system through the ______.

nostrils (nares) Signup and view all the answers

The nasal cavity is divided by the midline ______.

nasal septum Signup and view all the answers

The major functions of the nasal cavity are to , , and __ the incoming air.

purify, humidify, and warm Signup and view all the answers

Mucous membrane-lined cavities called are found in several bones surrounding the nasal cavities.

paranasal sinuses Signup and view all the answers

Paranasal sinuses make the skull less heavy and probably act as resonance chambers for ______.

speech Signup and view all the answers

Match the following passageway with its description:

Pharynx = Common passageway for the digestive and respiratory system Larynx = Voice box made of cartilages Trachea = Windpipe that connects to the bronchi Esophagus = Food passageway posterior to the trachea Signup and view all the answers

Clusters of lymphatic tissue, ______, are part of the defense system of the body.

tonsils Signup and view all the answers

Reinforcement of the trachea with 1 rights prevents its collapse during 2 changes that occur during breathing.

1.hyaline cartilage 2.pressure Signup and view all the answers

The fact that the rings are incomplete posteriorly allows a food bolus to bulge ______ during its transport to the stomach.

anteriorly Signup and view all the answers

The larynx or voice box is built from many cartilages, but the largest is the _____ cartilage.

thyroid Signup and view all the answers

Within the larynx are the 1, which vibrate with exhaled air and allow an individual to 2.

1.vocal cords 2.speak Signup and view all the answers

Which doesn't belong? Sphenoidal, Maxillary, Mandibular, Ethmoidal, Frontal

Mandibular Signup and view all the answers

Which doesn't belong? Nasal Cavity, Trachea, Alveolus, Larynx, Bronchus

Alveolus Signup and view all the answers

Which doesn't belong? Apex, Base, Hilum, Larynx, Pleura

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

Which doesn't belong? Sinusitis, Peritonitis, Pleurisy, Tonsilitis, Laryngitis

Peritonitis Signup and view all the answers

Which doesn't belong? Laryngopharynx, Oropharynx, Transports air and food, Nasopharynx

Nasopharynx Signup and view all the answers

Which doesn't belong? Alveoli, Respiratory Zone, Alveolar sac, Main Bronchus

Main Bronchus Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest conducting respiratory passage?

bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

What separates the oral and nasal cavities?

palate Signup and view all the answers

What is the major nerve that stimulates the diaphragm?

phrenic Signup and view all the answers

What is the food passageway that is posterior to the trachea?

esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What closes off the larynx during swallowing?

epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the windpipe?

trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the actual site of gas exchange?

alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the pleural layer covering the thorax walls?

parietal pleura Signup and view all the answers

What is the pleural layer covering the lungs?

visceral pleura Signup and view all the answers

What is the opening between vocal folds?

glottis Signup and view all the answers

What are the fleshy lobes in the nasal cavity that increase its surface area?

conchae Signup and view all the answers

What vibrate with expired air?

vocal cords Signup and view all the answers

With the exception of the stroma of the lungs, which is ______ tissue, the lungs are mostly air spaces of which the alveoli compose the greatest part.

elastic connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

The bulk of the alveolar walls are made up of squamous epithelial cells, which are well suited for their ______ function.

primary (gas exchange) Signup and view all the answers

Much less numerous cuboidal cells produce a fluid that coats the air-exposed surface of the alveolus and contains a lipid-based molecule called 1 that functions to 2 of the alveolar fluid.

1.surfactant 2.decrease the surface tension Signup and view all the answers

What is the respiratory volume inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing?

tidal volume (TV) Signup and view all the answers

What is the air in respiratory passages that does not contribute to gas exchange?

dead space volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the total amount of exchangeable air?

vital capacity (VC) Signup and view all the answers

What gas volume allows gas exchange to go on continuously?

residual volume (RV) Signup and view all the answers

What is the amount of air that can still be exhaled (forcibly) after a normal exhalation?

expiratory reserve volume (ERV) Signup and view all the answers

All gas exchanges are made by ____.

diffusion Signup and view all the answers

When substances pass in this manner [diffusion], they move from areas of their 1 to areas of their 2.

1.higher concentration 2.lower concentration Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen continually passes from the 1 and then from the 2.

1.air of alveoli to capillary blood 2.capillary blood to tissue cells Signup and view all the answers

Opposite of oxygen, carbon dioxide moves from the 1 and from the 2.

1.tissue cells to capillary blood 2.capillary blood to alveolar air Signup and view all the answers

From there, carbon passes out of the body during expiration. As a result of such exchanges, arterial blood tends to be 1 while venous blood is 2.

1.carbon-dioxide poor 2.oxygen-poor and carbon dioxide-rich Signup and view all the answers

Most oxygen is transported bound to ____ inside the red blood cells.

hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Most carbon dioxide is carried in the form of 1 in the 2.

1.bicarbonate ion 2.blood plasma Signup and view all the answers

Carbon monoxide poisoning is lethal because carbon monoxide competes with ____ for binding sites.

oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which doesn't belong? Higher Respiratory rate, lower in blood CO2, alkalosis, acidosis

Acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Which doesn't belong? Acidosis, Increased Carbonic acid, decreased pH, increased pH

Increased pH Signup and view all the answers

Which doesn't belong? Acidosis, hyperventilation, hypoventilation, CO2 buildup

Hyperventilation Signup and view all the answers

Which doesn't belong? Apnea, Cyanosis, increased oxygen, decreased oxygen

Increased oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which doesn't belong? increased respiratory rate, increased exercise, anger, increased CO2 in blood

Increased CO2 in blood Signup and view all the answers

Which doesn't belong? High Altitude, decreased PO2, increased PCO2, decreased atmospheric pressure

Increased PCO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the respiratory rate of a newborn baby?

40-80 respirations per minute Signup and view all the answers

In a healthy adult, what is the respiratory rate range?

12-18 respirations per minute Signup and view all the answers

Most problems that interfere with the operation of the respiratory system fall into one of the following categories: infections such as pneumonia, obstructive conditions such as 1 and 2, and/or conditions that destroy lung tissue, such as 3.

1.asthma 2.chronic bronchitis 3.tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

With age, the lungs lose their 1, and the 2 of the lungs decreases.

1.elasticity 2.vital capacity Signup and view all the answers

Protective mechanisms also become less efficient, causing elderly individuals to be more susceptible to ____.

respiratory influx (pneumonia) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for lack or cessation of breathing?

apnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for normal breathing in terms of rate and depth?

eupnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for labored breathing, or 'air hunger'?

dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by chronic oxygen deficiency?

hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by loss of lung elasticity and an increase in the size of the alveolar chambers?

emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by increased mucus production, which clogs respiratory passageways and promotes coughing?

chronic bronchitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition where respiratory passageways are narrowed by bronchiolar spasms?

asthma Signup and view all the answers

What are the conditions together called COPD?

chronic bronchitis and emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What condition is strongly associated with cigarette smoking and has a poor outlook?

lung cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the infection spread by airborne bacteria with a recent alarming increase in drug-resistant cases?

tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Main Bronchi Characteristics

Right main bronchus is larger in diameter than the left.
Left main bronchus is more horizontal compared to the right.
The right bronchus is the most common site for foreign object aspiration.

Nasal Cavity Functionality

Air enters the nasal cavity through the nostrils (nares).
The nasal cavity is divided by the nasal septum.
Major functions of the nasal cavity include purifying, humidifying, and warming incoming air.

Paranasal Sinuses

Paranasal sinuses are mucous membrane-lined cavities surrounding the nasal cavities.
They reduce skull weight and act as resonance chambers for speech.

Pharynx and Structures

The pharynx connects the nasal cavity with the posterior nasal aperture and acts as a passage for air and food.
Tonsils are clusters of lymphatic tissue that function within the body's defense system.

Trachea Structure

Trachea is reinforced with hyaline cartilage rings to prevent collapse during pressure changes in breathing.
Incomplete rings at the back allow food boluses to pass anteriorly.

Larynx Overview

The larynx, or voice box, contains multiple cartilages, with the largest being the thyroid cartilage.
Vocal cords within the larynx vibrate to produce sound during exhalation.

Conducting Airways

Bronchioles are the smallest conducting passages in the respiratory system.
The palate separates the oral and nasal cavities.

Respiratory Volumes

Tidal volume (TV) refers to the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing.
Vital capacity (VC) is the total amount of exchangeable air.
Residual volume (RV) is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after expiration.

Gas Exchange Mechanisms

Gas exchange occurs primarily through diffusion, moving from areas of higher to lower concentration.
Oxygen moves from alveoli to capillary blood and then to tissue cells.
Carbon dioxide moves from tissue cells to capillary blood and then to alveolar air for expiration.

Hemoglobin and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Hemoglobin within red blood cells primarily transports oxygen.
Most carbon dioxide travels as bicarbonate ions in blood plasma.

Respiratory Rates

Newborns have a respiratory rate of 40-80 breaths per minute, while healthy adults typically breathe 12-18 times per minute.

Respiratory Conditions

Common respiratory issues include infections like pneumonia, obstructive conditions such as asthma and chronic bronchitis, and diseases that destroy lung tissue like tuberculosis.

As individuals age, lung elasticity diminishes and vital capacity decreases, leading to susceptibility to respiratory infections.

Breathing Conditions

Apnea refers to a lack or cessation of breathing.
Eupnea describes normal breathing rates and depths.
Dyspnea indicates labored breathing or air hunger, while hypoxia refers to chronic oxygen deficiency.

Chronic Respiratory Conditions

Emphysema is characterized by loss of lung elasticity and enlarged alveolar chambers.
Chronic bronchitis results in increased mucus production that obstructs airways.
Asthma involves narrowed respiratory pathways due to spasms.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are collectively known as COPD, linked to significant morbidity and mortality.

Lung Cancer and Infectious Diseases

Lung cancer has a strong association with cigarette smoking, leading to poor prognosis.
Tuberculosis is an airborne infection growing in drug-resistant strains.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the respiratory system with these flashcards from Chapter 13 of the coloring workbook. Each card features key questions about the structure and function of the bronchi. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of respiratory anatomy.