Colorectal Cancer Insights

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which condition is most likely to cause a vascular obstruction in the intestines?

Collagen vascular disease

Endocrine disorder

Chronic atrial fibrillation (correct)

Venous thrombosis in shock

What percentage of colorectal cancer cases are estimated to occur due to family history?

5-10%

Approximately 85%

Approximately 33% (correct)

Approximately 9%

Which dietary factor is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer?

Diet high in red or processed meat (correct)

High intake of fruits and vegetables

Low intake of processed meats

High intake of grains

Which genetic condition is the most common form of hereditary colorectal cancer?

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is most common amongst the cases of colorectal cancer?

Adenocarcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical origin of most colorectal cancers?

Adenomatous polyps Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a listed nursing diagnosis for colorectal cancer?

Impaired gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the surgical opening in the skin where intestinal contents pass through?

Stoma Signup and view all the answers

What position should the head of the bed be elevated to for patients with acute symptoms of GERD?

30 degrees Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hiatal hernia is most commonly found when the patient is supine?

Sliding hernia Signup and view all the answers

What is an indication that a patient may be experiencing respiratory complications post-surgery?

Dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for a patient experiencing persistent GERD symptoms?

Contact their health care provider Signup and view all the answers

What should patients on PPIs do regarding their medication timing?

Take it before the first meal of the day Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect should patients taking prescription H2-receptor agents be informed about?

Gastrointestinal disturbances Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?

The esophagogastric junction remains in the normal position Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is more likely to experience hiatal hernias?

Older adults, especially women Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of collaborative care in managing nausea and vomiting?

To determine and treat the underlying cause and provide symptomatic relief Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vomiting is characterized by a forceful expulsion of stomach contents without nausea?

Projectile vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What condition may cause vomitus with a 'coffee ground' appearance?

Active bleeding from the stomach Signup and view all the answers

In older adults, what complication is a significant concern when experiencing nausea and vomiting?

Life-threatening fluid and electrolyte imbalances Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom might suggest a Mallory-Weiss tear?

Bright red blood in vomitus Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of fecal odor in the vomitus typically indicate?

Intestinal obstruction below the pylorus Signup and view all the answers

Which factor increases the likelihood of women experiencing nausea and vomiting?

Motion sickness Signup and view all the answers

What can the color of vomitus reveal?

The presence and source of bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of hormones released into the bloodstream when food enters the stomach and small intestine?

Controlling HCl acid secretion and digestive enzyme release Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes nausea?

A sensation accompanied by a desire to vomit Signup and view all the answers

What complex actions are required for the act of vomiting?

Contraction of the abdominal muscles and relaxation of the stomach Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly associated with nausea and vomiting?

Healthy digestive function Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor that the vomiting center in the brainstem responds to?

Neural impulses from the gastrointestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following psychological factors can contribute to nausea and vomiting?

Stress and fear Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the extra-gastrointestinal conditions that can lead to nausea and vomiting?

Meningitis and diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the closure of the glottis during vomiting?

It prevents food from entering the trachea. Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk factor for esophageal cancer related to lifestyle choices?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk for older adults with a decreased level of consciousness during episodes of vomiting?

Aspiration of vomitus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with esophageal cancer?

Progressive dysphagia Signup and view all the answers

Which factor increases the risk of oral infections in patients receiving treatment for cancer?

Corticosteroid inhalant treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of oral inflammation and infections?

Severe impairment of oral ingestion Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the esophagus are most esophageal tumors located?

Middle and lower portions Signup and view all the answers

What condition is associated with an increased risk of squamous cell cancer in the esophagus?

Achalasia Signup and view all the answers

Which type of oral cancer develops in the throat just behind the mouth?

Oropharyngeal cancer Signup and view all the answers

What could be a late symptom of esophageal cancer as the disease progresses?

Radiating pain during swallowing Signup and view all the answers

What is the most favorable prognosis among oral tumors?

Carcinoma of the lip Signup and view all the answers

Which is a common risk factor for developing oral cancer?

Duration of tobacco use Signup and view all the answers

Which group has a higher incidence of esophageal cancer compared to other ethnic groups?

Non-Hispanic white men Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized in the management of patients with oral infections?

Identification of the cause Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment question is relevant for a nurse to ask a patient potentially at risk for esophageal cancer?

Do you have a history of GERD? Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of oral pathogens beyond the oral cavity?

Increased risk for infections in other organs Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of severe esophageal stenosis (narrowing)?

Regurgitation of blood-flecked contents Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nursing Care Management 116

This course covers nursing care management of patients across the lifespan in various settings.
It focuses on gastrointestinal, metabolism, endocrine, perception, coordination (acute and chronic) conditions.
Students will utilize the nursing process for individuals, families, and communities.

Care of Clients with Problems of Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract problems are diverse and affect other organ systems.
Congenital, inflammatory, infectious, traumatic, and neoplastic conditions affect the GI tract.
Stress, anxiety, fatigue, and dietary changes can impact GI function.
A thorough assessment of patients needs to consider both physical and mental factors.

Learning Outcomes

Students will be able to describe the structures and functions of GI organs.
Differentiate between ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination processes.
Understand age-related GI system differences in assessment findings.
Identify relevant assessment data for the GI system in patients.
Describe diagnostic studies, their significance, and nursing responsibilities.
Explain the etiology, manifestations, complications, collaborative care, and nursing management of various GI conditions like oral/stomach cancer, GI bleeding, colorectal cancer, GERD, hiatal hernia, esophageal cancer, diverticula, achalasia, esophageal strictures, acute/chronic gastritis, and bowel obstructions.

Chapter I: Structures and Functions of Gastrointestinal System

The GI tract extends from the mouth to the anus (approximately 30 ft or 9 m). It consists of four layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscle, serosa).
Innervated by the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems; the enteric nervous system coordinates motility and secretion through nerve layers.
The GI tract receives a significant portion of the circulatory system's cardiac output and supplies blood from the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA).

Chapter II: Nursing Management – Upper Gastrointestinal Problems

Nausea and vomiting are common GI manifestations.
Vomiting is a complex process requiring coordinated muscle and nervous system activity.
Nausea and vomiting can arise from various GI and non-GI conditions.
Geriatric considerations are important in managing nausea and vomiting in older adults as well as fluid loss and electrolytes.

Chapter III: Nursing Management – Lower Gastrointestinal Problems

Acute Abdominal Pain: Causes include (but not limited to) abdominal compartment syndrome, appendicitis, bowel obstruction, cholecystitis, diverticulitis, perforated ulcer, ruptured abdominal aneurysm, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, gastroenteritis, perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer, peritonitis, and others.
Perforation, inflammation, obstruction, and internal bleeding can lead to hypovolemic shock.
Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix, often with obstruction, leading to pain, nausea, vomiting or other symptoms.
Peritonitis—Inflammation of the peritoneum caused by various conditions needing immediate assessment and management.

Oral Cancer

Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers are the two primary types, usually stemming from the squamous cells of the mouth and throat.
Several risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol, and exposure to sunlight contribute to this type of cancer.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

GERD is a chronic condition with stomach acid refluxing into the esophagus.
Factors leading to GERD include incompetency of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure.
Symptoms of GERD include heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and respiratory symptoms.
Treatment aims for symptom relief through lifestyle changes, medication, or surgical intervention.

Esophageal Disorders

Hiatal hernia refers to an abnormal protrusion of the upper part of the stomach through the diaphragm into the chest.
Treatments for hiatal hernias are similar to GERD treatment.
Esophagitis is inflammation of the esophageal lining and is a common symptom associated with GERD and hiatal hernias

Stomach Cancer

Stomach cancer (gastric cancer) is most common among Asian, Hispanic, and African Americans.
Symptoms may include early satiety, indigestion, abdominal discomfort, and anemia.

Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Bleeding in the upper GI tract can stem from various sources.
Causes of Upper GI bleeding include, but are not limited to, esophageal varices, peptic ulcer disease, and stress-related mucosal disease.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

IBD encompasses ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
Characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation.
Treatment and patient management can include drug regimes and surgical therapies, varying based on type of disease and severity.

Intestinal Obstructions

Intestinal obstructions occur when the passage of intestinal content is blocked.
They can be mechanical, caused by physical blockage, or nonmechanical, caused by muscles and nerves in the digestive system.
Symptoms of obstructions range from vague abdominal discomfort to severe pain, vomiting, and difficulty passing stool or gas.

Diverticulitis and Diverticulosis

Diverticulosis refers to the presence of small pouches (diverticula) in the large intestine.
Diverticulitis is inflammation of these pouches.
Risk factors include low fiber diets and increased age.
Complications from diverticulitis include peritonitis, abscess, fistula, and bleeding.

Malabsorption Syndrome

Malabsorption refers to the impairment in absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.
Causes include lactose intolerance, celiac disease, IBD, and others.
Clinical manifestations include weight loss, diarrhea, and steatorrhea.
Treatments focus on dietary management or other interventions.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on colorectal cancer, including its causes, risk factors, and nursing diagnoses. This quiz covers important aspects of colorectal cancer and its impact on individuals. Perfect for healthcare professionals and students alike.