Colorectal Cancer Diagnostics and Treatment

Colorectal Cancer Diagnostics

• Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), barium enema, and colonoscopy are standard diagnostic tools.
• Bone marrow biopsy is not routinely included.

Chemotherapy Reactions

• Immediate cessation of paclitaxel is indicated if a patient shows signs of an allergic reaction (e.g., flushing, hives).

Oncologic Complications

• Hypercalcemia is a likely cause of weakness, confusion, and abdominal pain in patients with metastasized small cell lung cancer.

Vinca Alkaloids

• Etoposide is categorized as a Vinca alkaloid chemotherapeutic agent.

Adjuvant Therapy

• Chemotherapy given after surgery describes adjuvant therapy, as seen in stage 3 ovarian cancer patients post-hysterectomy.

Treatment for Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

• Chemotherapy with adjuvant radiation therapy is typically ordered for patients diagnosed with superior vena cava syndrome.

Discharge Instructions for Radiation Patients

• Include recommendations like using a soft toothbrush, moisturizing ointments, and oral rinses to manage side effects post-radiation therapy.

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

• The Philadelphia chromosome is specifically associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia.

TNM Staging for Lung Cancer

• A tumor measuring 4 cm x 6 cm with metastasis identifies as stage 4 non-small cell lung cancer.

Lymphoma Symptoms

• Night sweats are classified as a "B symptom" associated with lymphoma.

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

• Sunitinib is recognized as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in cancer treatment.

Common Cancers with Brain Metastasis

• Melanoma is notably prevalent as a primary cancer with high rates of brain metastasis.

Cardiac Tamponade and Malignancies

• Leukemia, lymphoma, and breast cancer are commonly linked to cardiac tamponade, but thyroid cancer is not.

Nausea and Vomiting Prophylaxis

• Oral administration is preferred for pharmacologic prophylactic treatment of nausea and vomiting in cancer patients.

Clinical Pathways Impact

• Effective clinical pathways successfully improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance the quality of care but do not allow individual preferences to dictate practice.

Ulcerative Colitis and Colorectal Cancer Risk

• The risk of developing colorectal cancer notably increases 10 years after a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis.

Medication Error Reduction Strategies

• Using verbal orders is the least appropriate strategy for reducing medication errors; written verification is preferred.

Delirium Diagnosis

• In a cancer patient showing confusion and visual hallucinations, delirium is the probable diagnosis.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

• Early CLL does not typically require urgent treatment despite being a disease that predominantly affects older individuals.

Health Insurance Discrimination

• Lower rates for insurance coverage do not constitute discrimination unlike higher rates, loss of coverage, or refusals.

Increased Intracranial Pressure

• This condition, often resulting from brain injury, is termed increased intracranial pressure.

Documentation Standards

• Nurses must document interagency referrals, drug administration, and critical conversations with patients and families.

Complementary Therapies with Acupuncture

• Massage, nutritional counseling, and herbal medicines can enhance the efficacy of acupuncture treatments.

Alopecia and Chemotherapy

• Floxuridine is associated with a moderate incidence of alopecia compared to other chemotherapeutic agents.

Specificity in Screening Techniques

• Specificity measures the accuracy of a test in correctly identifying those without disease.

Effects of Radiotherapy

• XRT may lead to fading tattoos, hair loss, and changes in skin texture or color in treatment areas.

Hospice Care Locations

• Hospice care can be provided at home, in hospitals, or in private inpatient facilities.

Advantages of Subcutaneous Chemotherapy Administration

• Subcutaneous routes of chemotherapy offer ease of administration as an advantage.

Oncology Nursing Practice Levels

• Scope levels in oncology nursing practice involve general oncology nurses, advanced practice nurses, and those specializing in genetics.

Common Cancers with Brain Metastasis (Reiteration)

• Melanoma is reiterated as one of the most common types of cancer that spreads to the brain.

This quiz focuses on the diagnostic tools and treatment protocols for colorectal cancer and associated oncology practices. It covers topics including chemotherapy reactions, adjuvant therapy, and complications in cancer patients. Test your knowledge on the management and care of cancer patients.