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Colorectal Cancer Development

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Questions and Answers

What is the consequence of mutations in the DNA mismatch repair system in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer?

Has no effect on tumor progression
Speeds up the progression of tumors (correct)
Only affects tumor suppressor genes
Slows down the progression of tumors

Which of the following genes is a tumor suppressor gene?

BRAF
K-RAS
APC (correct)
PI3KCA

What is the role of growth factors in cancer development?

They only affect tumor suppressor genes
They produce their effects by interacting with specific receptors on cell surfaces (correct)
They inhibit cell growth
They are involved in DNA mismatch repair

What is the result of mutations in the APC gene?

Formation of adenomas (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of many tumors?

Instability of chromosomes and microsatellites (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the inheritance pattern of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)?

Autosomal dominant (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential application of EV-associated ncRNAs in cancer?

To act as noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of epigenetic mechanisms in cancer?

To produce nonmutational changes that affect gene expression (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of EVs that makes them suitable for delivery systems?

Their small size and lipid bilayer constitution (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of changes in the normal pattern of methylation/demethylation of cytosine residues in specific genes?

Turning off activities of certain genes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of mutations affecting the structure and/or activity of nucleosome remodeling complexes?

Affecting gene transcription (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of modifications can affect gene transcription in cancer cells?

Posttranslational modifications of histones (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the interaction between PDGF and its receptor?

Activation of phospholipase C (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the levels of intracellular Ca2+ when IP3 levels are elevated?

They increase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of protein kinase C in the growth factor signaling pathway?

It is activated by DAG (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of oncomiRs on cancerous tissue?

They are overexpressed (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the hydrolysis of DAG?

Release of arachidonic acid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of PDGF on the expression of certain cellular proto-oncogenes?

It rapidly activates their expression (B) Signup and view all the answers