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Questions and Answers
What are the vertical columns on the periodic table called?
What are the vertical columns on the periodic table called?
- Rows
- Periods
- Groups (correct)
- Blocks
What are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called?
What are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called?
- Groups
- Ranks
- Periods (correct)
- Columns
Most of the elements in the periodic table are classified as what?
Most of the elements in the periodic table are classified as what?
- Metalloids
- Noble gases
- Nonmetals
- Metals (correct)
The elements that touch the zigzag line in the periodic table are classified as what?
The elements that touch the zigzag line in the periodic table are classified as what?
The elements in the far upper right corner of the periodic table are classified as what?
The elements in the far upper right corner of the periodic table are classified as what?
Elements in the first group of the periodic table have one outer shell electron and are extremely reactive. They are called what?
Elements in the first group of the periodic table have one outer shell electron and are extremely reactive. They are called what?
Elements in the second group have two outer shell electrons and are also very reactive. They are called what?
Elements in the second group have two outer shell electrons and are also very reactive. They are called what?
Elements in groups 3 through 12 have many useful properties and are called what?
Elements in groups 3 through 12 have many useful properties and are called what?
Elements in group 17 are known as 'salt formers'. They are called what?
Elements in group 17 are known as 'salt formers'. They are called what?
Elements in group 18 are very unreactive and are said to be 'inert'. We call these what?
Elements in group 18 are very unreactive and are said to be 'inert'. We call these what?
The elements at the bottom of the periodic table were pulled out to keep the table from becoming too long. The first period at the bottom is called what?
The elements at the bottom of the periodic table were pulled out to keep the table from becoming too long. The first period at the bottom is called what?
The second period at the bottom of the periodic table is called what?
The second period at the bottom of the periodic table is called what?
Elements in the same period have the same what?
Elements in the same period have the same what?
Elements in the same group have what?
Elements in the same group have what?
What is an electron in the outer shell that is available for bonding called?
What is an electron in the outer shell that is available for bonding called?
What is the size of the atom referred to as?
What is the size of the atom referred to as?
What describes how much an atom wants electrons?
What describes how much an atom wants electrons?
What does 'bendable' refer to in terms of material properties?
What does 'bendable' refer to in terms of material properties?
What ability is referred to when a material can conduct electricity?
What ability is referred to when a material can conduct electricity?
What is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom called?
What is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom called?
What describes how much does an atom want to hog an electron in a bond with another atom?
What describes how much does an atom want to hog an electron in a bond with another atom?
In which direction do ionization energy, electronegativity, and electron affinity increase?
In which direction do ionization energy, electronegativity, and electron affinity increase?
Where is the highest energy for ionization and electronegativity found?
Where is the highest energy for ionization and electronegativity found?
In what direction does atomic radius increase?
In what direction does atomic radius increase?
What has the largest atomic radius?
What has the largest atomic radius?
Who is the scientist who first published a periodic table showing elements arranged by atomic masses?
Who is the scientist who first published a periodic table showing elements arranged by atomic masses?
Who is the scientist who arranged the periodic table by atomic number?
Who is the scientist who arranged the periodic table by atomic number?
Who came up with the Law of Octaves and recognized the periodic properties in elements?
Who came up with the Law of Octaves and recognized the periodic properties in elements?
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Study Notes
Periodic Table Fundamentals
- Vertical columns on the periodic table are referred to as groups.
- Horizontal rows are known as periods.
Element Classifications
- A majority of elements are classified as metals.
- Elements that are located along the zigzag line are called metalloids.
- Elements in the upper right corner are classified as noble gases.
Specific Groups of Elements
- Group 1 elements, known as alkali metals, have one outer shell electron and are highly reactive.
- Group 2 elements are called alkaline earth metals and possess two outer shell electrons, making them very reactive as well.
- Groups 3-12 comprise the transition metals, recognized for their useful properties.
- Elements in group 17 are labeled as halogens or "salt formers."
- Group 18 elements are known as noble gases, characterized by being inert and unreactive.
Special Periods at the Bottom
- The first series of elements at the bottom is termed the lanthanides.
- The second series at the bottom is called the actinides.
Electron Configuration and Properties
- All elements in the same period share similar electron configurations, indicating they occupy the same energy level.
- Elements in the same group exhibit similar properties.
Atomic Characteristics
- Valence electrons are electrons in the outermost shell available for bonding.
- The atomic radius measures the size of an atom.
- Electron affinity describes an atom's desire to gain electrons.
- An atom's ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron.
- Electronegativity indicates how strongly an atom attracts electrons in a bond.
Trends in the Periodic Table
- Ionization energy, electronegativity, and electron affinity increase as you move up and to the right on the table.
- Fluorine exhibits the highest values of electronegativity and ionization energy.
- The atomic radius increases as you move down and to the left.
- The element with the largest atomic radius is francium.
Historical Context
- Dmitri Mendeleev first published a periodic table organized by atomic mass.
- Henry Moseley redefined the arrangement of the periodic table based on atomic number.
- John Newlands introduced the Law of Octaves, observing periodic properties in elements.
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