Chemistry Chapter 5 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

How is the periodic table organized?

In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged by increasing atomic number (number of protons).

How many periods (rows) and groups (columns) are there on the periodic table?

Groups - 32, Periods - 7

How are elements within a group similar?

Elements in a group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.

What are the properties of metals?

Metals are good conductors of electric current and heat, malleable, ductile, have luster, high density, high melting point, and hardness. Signup and view all the answers

Where are the transition metals located on the periodic table?

The transition metals start at groups 3-12. Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons does an element have?

It depends on the group in the periodic table; group one has 1 valence electron and group two has 2. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the families of elements and their locations on the periodic table.

Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, halogen, noble gases. Signup and view all the answers

What are the properties of nonmetals?

Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity, dull, brittle solids, most are gases at room temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What are the properties of metalloids?

Metalloids can be shiny or dull, have intermediate conductivity, and are solid at room temperature. Signup and view all the answers

Identify an element in group 2, period 5.

Strontium Signup and view all the answers

Identify an element in group 12, period 4.

Zinc Signup and view all the answers

What are valence electrons?

An electron that is in the highest occupied energy level of an atom. Signup and view all the answers

How do valence electrons increase across a period?

Properties vary because the number of valence electrons increases from left to right. Signup and view all the answers

Valence electrons play a key role in what?

Chemical reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What are some properties of the A groups in the periodic table?

The reactivity of alkali metals increases from the top of Group 1A to the bottom, and they have one loosely bound valence electron. Signup and view all the answers

What are alkali metals?

These metals have a single valence electron and are extremely reactive. Signup and view all the answers

What are alkaline earth metals?

All alkaline earth metals have two valence electrons and are harder than alkali metals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in reactivity among alkaline earth metals?

Differences in reactivity are shown by the ways they react with water. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Boron family?

Group 3A contains boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium, all of which have three valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant metal in Earth's crust?

Aluminum Signup and view all the answers

What is the carbon family?

Group 4A contains carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead, each with four valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

Except for water, what do most compounds in your body contain?

Carbon Signup and view all the answers

What is the second most abundant element in Earth's crust?

Silicon Signup and view all the answers

What does the nitrogen family contain?

Group 5A contains nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth, with five valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What does the oxygen family contain?

Group 6A has oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium, with six valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant element in Earth's crust?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What are halogens?

The elements in Group 7A that each have seven valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What do halogens have?

Despite their physical differences, halogens have similar chemical properties. Signup and view all the answers

What are noble gases?

The elements in Group 8A known for being colorless, odorless, and extremely unreactive. Signup and view all the answers

What is hydrogen?

The most abundant of all elements in the universe; it is placed in group 1A due to its valence electron. Signup and view all the answers

What are metalloids?

Elements with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals. Signup and view all the answers

Across a period from left to right, do the elements become more metallic?

False Signup and view all the answers

What is periodic law?

The pattern of repeating properties displayed by elements in the periodic table. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organization of the Periodic Table

Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number (number of protons).
There are 7 periods (rows) and 32 groups (columns/families) in the periodic table.

Group Similarities

Elements in a group share similar properties due to the same number of valence electrons.

Properties of Metals

Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat.
Characteristics include malleability, ductility, luster, high density, high melting points, and hardness.
Located on the left side of the periodic table.

Transition Metals

Found in groups 3-12; bridge elements between metals and nonmetals.
Exhibit distinct colors and do not fully classify as metals or nonmetals.

Valence Electrons

The number of valence electrons corresponds to the group number in the periodic table (e.g., Group 1 has 1 valence electron, Group 2 has 2).
Valence electrons increase from left to right across a period and are crucial in chemical reactions.

Element Families

Families include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, boron family, carbon family, nitrogen family, oxygen family, halogens, and noble gases.
Alkali metals (Group 1A) are highly reactive with one loosely bound valence electron.
Alkaline earth metals (Group 2A) have two valence electrons and are harder than alkali metals.
Boron family (Group 3A) contains metalloids and metals with three valence electrons.
Carbon family (Group 4A) includes carbon and its four valence electrons.
Nitrogen family (Group 5A) has a mix of nonmetals, metalloids, and metals with five valence electrons.
Oxygen family (Group 6A) contains three nonmetals and two metalloids with six valence electrons.
Halogens (Group 7A) have seven valence electrons and varying states at room temperature (gas, liquid, solid).
Noble gases (Group 8A) are unreactive and have full valence shells (helium with two, others with eight).

Most Abundant Elements

Oxygen is the most abundant element in Earth's crust.
Silicon is the second most abundant element.
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in Earth's crust.

Nonmetals and Metalloids

Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity, often dull and brittle, with low densities and melting points.
Metalloids exhibit properties between metals and nonmetals, are shiny or dull, and are solid at room temperature.

Periodic Trends

Across a period, elements transition from metallic to nonmetallic properties.
The periodic law reflects the repeating properties of elements based on their position in the periodic table.

Hydrogen

Most abundant element in the universe; placed in Group 1A despite being a nonmetal.
Can bond with various elements but differs in chemical behavior from halogens.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering Chapter 5 of chemistry. Explore the organization of the periodic table and the similarities between elements in various groups. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of elemental properties.