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Questions and Answers
Which group of bacteria is known for having a high G + C content in their DNA?
Which group of bacteria is known for having a high G + C content in their DNA?
- Firmicutes (correct)
- Actinobacteria
- Chlamydiae
- Cyanobacteria
Which bacterium is thermophilic and is often used in molecular biology for its heat-resistant DNA polymerase?
Which bacterium is thermophilic and is often used in molecular biology for its heat-resistant DNA polymerase?
- Streptomyces griseus
- Thermus aquaticus (correct)
- Bacillus cereus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Which bacterial phylum includes species capable of photosynthesis and oxygenic photosynthesis?
Which bacterial phylum includes species capable of photosynthesis and oxygenic photosynthesis?
- Cyanobacteria (correct)
- Chloroflexi
- Chlorobi
- Planctomycetes
Which bacteria are known for their ability to form endospores, making them highly resistant to harsh conditions?
Which bacteria are known for their ability to form endospores, making them highly resistant to harsh conditions?
What makes the 16S rRNA gene a good target for bacterial identification/classification?
What makes the 16S rRNA gene a good target for bacterial identification/classification?
What allows for 'universal' amplification of the 16S rRNA gene target?
What allows for 'universal' amplification of the 16S rRNA gene target?
How is bacterial identification accomplished in the lab using the 16S rRNA gene?
How is bacterial identification accomplished in the lab using the 16S rRNA gene?
Which method uses proteins and carbohydrates as markers to distinguish bacterial strains?
Which method uses proteins and carbohydrates as markers to distinguish bacterial strains?
What method involves analyzing DNA structure and sequences to distinguish between bacterial strains?
What method involves analyzing DNA structure and sequences to distinguish between bacterial strains?
Which method distinguishes bacterial species and strains by their growth patterns, flagella, capsule, and cell wall characteristics?
Which method distinguishes bacterial species and strains by their growth patterns, flagella, capsule, and cell wall characteristics?
What method can still be useful in labs lacking genomic testing equipment?
What method can still be useful in labs lacking genomic testing equipment?
Which gene analysis is used for bacterial identification in clinical microbiology?
Which gene analysis is used for bacterial identification in clinical microbiology?
What can be sequenced to identify an organism's taxonomic group and calculate relatedness between groups?
What can be sequenced to identify an organism's taxonomic group and calculate relatedness between groups?
Which method is commonly used for identifying prokaryotes and determining their position on the evolutionary tree of life?
Which method is commonly used for identifying prokaryotes and determining their position on the evolutionary tree of life?
What is the main aim of whole genome sequence comparison in prokaryotic classification?
What is the main aim of whole genome sequence comparison in prokaryotic classification?
Which resource is a comprehensive classification of all known species based on genetic relatedness?
Which resource is a comprehensive classification of all known species based on genetic relatedness?
What are the phenotypic methods for prokaryotic identification mentioned in the text?
What are the phenotypic methods for prokaryotic identification mentioned in the text?
What plays a crucial role in diagnosing infections and starting appropriate treatment?
What plays a crucial role in diagnosing infections and starting appropriate treatment?
What are E. coli strains Sakai (O157:H7) and CFT073 known for?
What are E. coli strains Sakai (O157:H7) and CFT073 known for?
What involves comparing nucleotide sequences and using cutoffs for genus and species identification?
What involves comparing nucleotide sequences and using cutoffs for genus and species identification?
What is taxonomy primarily concerned with?
What is taxonomy primarily concerned with?
Why is classifying prokaryotes challenging?
Why is classifying prokaryotes challenging?
What provides more accurate insights into evolutionary relatedness compared to phenotypic traits?
What provides more accurate insights into evolutionary relatedness compared to phenotypic traits?
What does the Three Domain System include?
What does the Three Domain System include?
What complicates DNA comparisons and highlights the obstacle in classifying prokaryotes?
What complicates DNA comparisons and highlights the obstacle in classifying prokaryotes?
What are the levels of categorization underneath species in prokaryote taxonomy?
What are the levels of categorization underneath species in prokaryote taxonomy?
What were historical prokaryote classifications heavily reliant on?
What were historical prokaryote classifications heavily reliant on?
What is the study of evolutionary relationships between organisms known as?
What is the study of evolutionary relationships between organisms known as?
What does taxonomy encompass?
What does taxonomy encompass?
Which system replaced the five-kingdom system for classifying prokaryotes?
Which system replaced the five-kingdom system for classifying prokaryotes?
What are informal groupings like 'Kingdoms' not used for in prokaryote classification?
What are informal groupings like 'Kingdoms' not used for in prokaryote classification?
What aids in identifying organisms based on their color at specific temperatures?
What aids in identifying organisms based on their color at specific temperatures?
Which method allows rapid identification of prokaryotes via biochemical tests?
Which method allows rapid identification of prokaryotes via biochemical tests?
Which test is used to differentiate prokaryotic species based on the type and quantities of fatty acids in their membranes?
Which test is used to differentiate prokaryotic species based on the type and quantities of fatty acids in their membranes?
Which method allows detection of small numbers of organisms from body fluids, soil, food, and water, including those that cannot be cultured?
Which method allows detection of small numbers of organisms from body fluids, soil, food, and water, including those that cannot be cultured?
What is used to locate nucleotide sequences characteristic of a species or group, with limitations in detecting single possible species/strain?
What is used to locate nucleotide sequences characteristic of a species or group, with limitations in detecting single possible species/strain?
What uses fluorescent DNA probes to bind to specific sequences found in S. aureus and 'coagulase negative' staphylococci, enabling rapid assay directly on patient samples in 20 minutes?
What uses fluorescent DNA probes to bind to specific sequences found in S. aureus and 'coagulase negative' staphylococci, enabling rapid assay directly on patient samples in 20 minutes?
What technique allows for the detection of specific nucleotide sequences and overcomes the limitations of culture-based methods?
What technique allows for the detection of specific nucleotide sequences and overcomes the limitations of culture-based methods?
What is assessed through biochemical tests such as the catalase test and sugar fermentation?
What is assessed through biochemical tests such as the catalase test and sugar fermentation?
What provides certainty of identification for organisms such as Streptococcus pyogenes and E. coli?
What provides certainty of identification for organisms such as Streptococcus pyogenes and E. coli?
What is used to differentiate prokaryotic species based on the type and quantities of fatty acids in their membranes?
What is used to differentiate prokaryotic species based on the type and quantities of fatty acids in their membranes?
Study Notes
Identifying Prokaryotes in Clinical Microbiology
- Colony morphology aids in identifying organisms, e.g., Streptococci are fairly small, Serratia marcescens colonies are often red at 22°C, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa often produces green pigment.
- Differential media and biochemical tests provide certainty of identification, e.g., Streptococcus pyogenes yields B-hemolytic colonies on blood agar and E. coli ferments lactose, forming pink colonies on MacConkey agar.
- Metabolic capabilities are assessed through biochemical tests, such as the catalase test and sugar fermentation, often relying on color changes and pH indicators.
- Commercial kits like API test strips and Enterotube II allow rapid identification of prokaryotes via biochemical tests, making the process less labor-intensive and more consistent.
- Basic strategy for identifying prokaryotes relies on dichotomous keys, with tests like Gram stain, catalase, and oxidase aiding in the identification process.
- Serology involves using antisera from immunized animals to diagnose and identify pathogens, as proteins and polysaccharides of prokaryotic cells serve as identifying markers.
- Fatty acid analysis (FAME) is used to differentiate prokaryotic species based on the type and quantities of fatty acids in their membranes, with gas chromatography used for measurement.
- Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), like polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allow detection of small numbers of organisms from body fluids, soil, food, and water, including those that cannot be cultured.
- Nucleic acid probes, like fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), locate nucleotide sequences characteristic of a species or group, with limitations in detecting single possible species/strain.
- ADVANDX QUICKFISH® uses fluorescent DNA probes to bind to specific sequences found in S. aureus and "coagulase negative" staphylococci, enabling rapid assay directly on patient samples in 20 minutes.
- Nucleic acid probes can bind to denatured, single-stranded DNA of an unknown organism, and if they do not bind, the unknown organism is not the targeted species, showing the principle of the technique.
- The use of nucleic acid probes and NAATs allows for the detection of specific nucleotide sequences, overcoming the limitations of culture-based methods and enabling the identification of non-culturable organisms.
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Description
Test your knowledge of colony morphology and differential media used in clinical microbiology for identifying different organisms based on their culture characteristics. This quiz covers identifying common bacteria based on colony size, color, odor, and media reactions.
