ALAT Chapter 13 Colony Health Surveillance
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect the health of laboratory animals?

  • Environmental factors
  • The animal's coat color (correct)
  • Contaminants
  • Pathogens

    • What is the purpose of a species-specific health surveillance program in laboratory animal facilities?

  • To detect parasites in the colony
  • To ensure the accuracy of research data
  • To prevent the spread of disease within the colony (correct)
  • To monitor the health of individual animals

    • What is the role of animal care technicians in maintaining the health of laboratory animals?

  • To perform experiments on the animals
  • To clean animal cages
  • To handle animals during procedures
  • To observe animals for signs of illness (correct)

    • What is a fomite?

    <p>An object that can transmit pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to detect pathogens in the colony?

    <p>To prevent the spread of disease within the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sentinel animals in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To detect pathogens in the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a direct sentinel program?

    <p>A program used to detect pathogens transmitted by direct contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory animals may be vaccinated against specific diseases?

    <p>Ferrets, laboratory cats, and dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of isolation areas in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infectious diseases to other animals and personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an ALAT in maintaining the health of laboratory animals?

    <p>To observe animals for signs of illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of proper disease prevention and control measures in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To ensure the accuracy of research data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of TB testing in NHPs and staff working with them?

    <p>To detect tuberculosis in NHPs and staff working with them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect the health of laboratory animals?

    <p>The animal's coat color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a species-specific health surveillance program in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To prevent the spread of disease within the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of animal care technicians in maintaining the health of laboratory animals?

    <p>To observe animals for signs of illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fomite?

    <p>An object that can transmit pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to detect pathogens in the colony?

    <p>To prevent the spread of disease within the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sentinel animals in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To detect pathogens in the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a direct sentinel program?

    <p>A program used to detect pathogens transmitted by direct contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory animals may be vaccinated against specific diseases?

    <p>Ferrets, laboratory cats, and dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of isolation areas in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infectious diseases to other animals and personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an ALAT in maintaining the health of laboratory animals?

    <p>To observe animals for signs of illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of proper disease prevention and control measures in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To ensure the accuracy of research data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of TB testing in NHPs and staff working with them?

    <p>To detect tuberculosis in NHPs and staff working with them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect the health of laboratory animals?

    <p>Genetic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sentinel animal program?

    <p>To detect pathogens in the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of animal care technicians in maintaining the health of laboratory animals?

    <p>To observe animals for signs of illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of testing is necessary for non-human primates and staff working with them?

    <p>TB testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause disease in laboratory animals besides pathogens and parasites?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of isolation areas in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infectious diseases to other animals and personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is malnutrition a concern for laboratory animals?

    <p>It can cause disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to prevent pathogen transmission in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>Providing animals with a clean environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with dead animals in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>They should be disposed of immediately to prevent disease transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for laboratory animal facilities to have a species-specific health surveillance program?

    <p>To prevent the spread of disease within the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be harmful to animals in laboratory housing besides pathogens and parasites?

    <p>Mold in bedding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that can cause disease in laboratory animals?

    <p>Aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a vector in the context of laboratory animal disease transmission?

    <p>A carrier organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fomite in the context of laboratory animal disease transmission?

    <p>An inanimate object that can transmit disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of environmental testing in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To detect pathogens in the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory animals should be procured from approved commercial vendors with established animal care programs?

    <p>Large animals only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a species-specific health surveillance program in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To detect infectious organisms in the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of TB testing in NHPs and staff working with them?

    <p>To prevent the spread of tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sentinel animals in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To detect infectious organisms in the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of isolation areas in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infectious diseases to other animals and personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of animal care technicians in maintaining the health of laboratory animals?

    <p>To detect signs of illness or poor health in animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of malnutrition on laboratory animals?

    <p>It can cause disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be harmful to animals in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>Mold in bedding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Animal health surveillance begins after animals are received from vendors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All laboratory animal facilities should have a species-specific health surveillance program.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Animal care technicians are not responsible for observing animals for signs of illness or poor health.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Malnutrition cannot cause disease in laboratory animals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pathogens cannot cause infectious diseases in laboratory animals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parasites cannot infest laboratory animals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity do not affect the animal's physiology and research outcomes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contaminants such as mold in bedding and cleaning agents in aquatic housing are not harmful to animals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disease cannot be caused by degenerative changes, aging, improper handling, allergic responses, and experimental manipulation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High-quality husbandry practices can significantly reduce pathogen transmission in laboratory animals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sentinel animals are only used to detect viruses in the colony.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dead animals do not need to be removed and disposed of properly to prevent disease transmission.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is required from vendors before animals are received?

    <p>The health status of the animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended source for procuring large animals?

    <p>Approved commercial vendors with established animal care programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of animal care technicians in maintaining the health of laboratory animals?

    <p>To observe animals for signs of illness or poor health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of early detection of illness in laboratory animals?

    <p>To prevent the spread of disease within the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of disease in laboratory animals related to their diet?

    <p>Malnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause infectious diseases in laboratory animals?

    <p>Parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if an animal is infested with parasites?

    <p>Report it immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental factors can affect the health of laboratory animals?

    <p>Temperature, humidity, and ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential harm of contaminants in laboratory animal housing?

    <p>They can be harmful to the animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential causes of disease in laboratory animals?

    <p>Allergic responses and improper handling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of high-quality husbandry practices in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To significantly reduce pathogen transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way that infectious organisms can be transmitted to laboratory animals?

    <p>Airborne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sentinel program in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To detect pathogens in the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is early detection of illness important in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To prevent the spread of disease within the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect the animal's physiology and research outcomes?

    <p>The animal's coat color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of TB testing in NHPs and staff working with them?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infectious diseases to other animals and personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of isolation areas in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infectious diseases to other animals and personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective way to reduce pathogen transmission in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>Sanitizing gloves and cages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a species-specific health surveillance program in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To ensure the health of specific species in the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of environmental testing in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To test for contaminants in the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of parasite detection in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To detect parasites in the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common way that infectious organisms are transmitted to laboratory animals?

    <p>Contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of pathogen transmission in laboratory animals?

    <p>Chemical exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sentinel program in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To detect viruses, bacteria, and parasites in the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended source of large animals for laboratory research?

    <p>Approved commercial vendors with established animal care programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of environmental testing in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To detect contaminants that can be harmful to animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of TB testing in NHPs and staff working with them?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infectious diseases to other animals and personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended source of laboratory animals for research?

    <p>Approved commercial vendors with established animal care programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are fomites in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>Inanimate objects that can transmit pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for removing and disposing of dead animals in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>Incinerating them on-site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a direct sentinel program in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To detect viruses, bacteria, and parasites in the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for preventing the spread of infectious diseases in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>Isolation areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for preventing malnutrition in laboratory animals?

    <p>Avoiding deficiencies or excesses in the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some other causes of disease in laboratory animals besides pathogens?

    <p>Aging, improper handling, and allergic responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is required from vendors before animals are received and why is it important?

    <p>Information on the health status of the animals is required from vendors before animals are received. This is important in maintaining healthy research animals and ensuring quality research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of procuring large animals from approved commercial vendors with established animal care programs?

    <p>Procuring large animals from approved commercial vendors with established animal care programs ensures that the animals are healthy and of good quality for research purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of animal care technicians in observing animals for signs of illness or poor health?

    <p>Animal care technicians play a vital role in observing animals for signs of illness or poor health. Early detection of illness is important in preventing the spread of disease within the colony and promoting animal welfare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some environmental factors that can affect the animal's physiology and research outcomes?

    <p>Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and ventilation can affect the animal's physiology and research outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some contaminants that can be harmful to animals in laboratory settings?

    <p>Contaminants such as mold in bedding and cleaning agents in aquatic housing can be harmful to animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some ways infectious organisms can be transmitted to laboratory animals?

    <p>Infectious organisms can be transmitted to laboratory animals through vectors, contact, and fomites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sentinel animals in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>Sentinel animals are tested to detect viruses, bacteria, and parasites in the colony, and are rotated on a schedule. They help detect the presence of pathogens in the colony and prevent the spread of disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of environmental testing and PCR tests in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>Environmental testing and PCR tests can be used to detect pathogens in the colony and prevent the spread of disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is TB testing necessary for NHPs and staff working with them?

    <p>TB testing is necessary for NHPs and staff working with them to prevent the spread of tuberculosis, which can be transmitted from animals to humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of isolation areas in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>Isolation areas prevent the spread of infectious diseases to other animals and personnel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an ALAT in maintaining the health of laboratory animals?

    <p>As an ALAT, it is important to understand how diseases spread and how to prevent outbreaks. Knowing the signs of disease and learning about diseases from veterinarians and investigators is crucial in maintaining the health of laboratory animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are proper disease prevention and control measures necessary in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>Proper disease prevention and control measures are necessary to ensure the accuracy and reliability of research data obtained from laboratory animals and to maintain the health and welfare of the animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of pathogen transmission to laboratory animals?

    <p>Vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of animals may be vaccinated against specific diseases in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>Ferrets, laboratory cats, and dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of TB testing in NHPs and staff working with them?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infectious diseases to other animals and personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect the animal's physiology and research outcomes?

    <p>Food color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sentinel program in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To detect pathogens transmitted by direct or indirect contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of animal care technicians in maintaining the health of laboratory animals?

    <p>To observe animals for signs of illness or poor health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can cause disease in laboratory animals?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of environmental testing in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To identify contaminants that can be harmful to animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of isolation areas in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infectious diseases to other animals and personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a species-specific health surveillance program in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To maintain healthy research animals and ensure quality research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of early detection of illness in laboratory animals?

    <p>To prevent the spread of disease within the colony and promote animal welfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause disease in laboratory animals related to diet?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of pathogen transmission to laboratory animals?

    <p>Vectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sentinel program in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To detect pathogens in the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect the animal's physiology in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>Noise level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended source for large animals in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>Commercial vendors with established animal care programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of animal care technicians in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To observe animals for signs of illness or poor health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of TB testing in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infectious diseases to other animals and personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for preventing pathogen transmission in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>Sanitizing gloves and cages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for preventing malnutrition in laboratory animals?

    <p>Avoiding deficiencies or excesses in the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for preventing disease caused by environmental factors in laboratory animals?

    <p>Controlling humidity levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of isolation areas in laboratory animal facilities?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infectious diseases to other animals and personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for preventing disease caused by degenerative changes in laboratory animals?

    <p>Providing regular exercise opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for preventing disease caused by parasites in laboratory animals?

    <p>Immediately reporting signs such as diarrhea, vomiting, and skin lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hemostatic forceps?

    <p>To clamp onto bleeding tissue containing a severed vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Allis tissue forceps?

    <p>To grasp tissue or dressings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of needle holders?

    <p>To secure needles used to suture tissues closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are surgical needles described?

    <p>By their shaft shape and point type of the tip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of suture materials?

    <p>They must be strong yet pliable, easily sterilized, and cause minimal reactions in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different types of suture materials?

    <p>Synthetic and absorbable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are suture materials sized?

    <p>By their diameter using a numbering system established by the United States Pharmacopeia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different methods of sterilization for surgical instruments and materials?

    <p>Autoclave and ethylene oxide gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common sterilization method for wrapped packs?

    <p>Autoclave sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of glass bead sterilizers?

    <p>To quickly resterilize metal surgical instruments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended protocol for instrument sterilization when performing multiple rodent surgeries?

    <p>Instruments should be cleaned after each surgery and resterilized before contact with the next animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is proficiency in using surgical instruments important for technicians performing rodent surgeries?

    <p>To ensure the safety and success of the surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of forceps is designed to clamp onto bleeding tissue containing a severed vessel?

    <p>Hemostatic forceps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are needle holders used for in surgery?

    <p>Securing needles used to suture tissues closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are surgical needles described by?

    <p>Their shaft shape and point type of the tip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristics should suture materials have?

    <p>They should be strong yet pliable, easily sterilized, and cause minimal reactions in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are suture materials sized?

    <p>By their diameter using a numbering system established by the United States Pharmacopeia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be used in place of sutures for skin wound closure?

    <p>Wound clips or surgical adhesives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are dental instruments used for in surgery?

    <p>Treating diseased or fractured teeth and performing extractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common method of sterilization for wrapped packs of surgical instruments?

    <p>Autoclave sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of indicators in sterilization methods?

    <p>To show proper sterilization has occurred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of glass bead sterilizers?

    <p>To quickly resterilize metal surgical instruments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended process for using surgical instruments during multiple rodent surgeries?

    <p>Instruments should be initially autoclaved, cleaned after each surgery, and resterilized before contact with the next animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for technicians performing rodent surgeries?

    <p>Proficiency in using surgical instruments for tissue handling and wound closure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Colony Health Surveillance in Laboratory Animals

    • Animal health surveillance is crucial in maintaining healthy research animals and ensuring quality research.

    • The surveillance program begins before animals are received, with information required from vendors on the health status of the animals.

    • Large animals should be procured from approved commercial vendors with established animal care programs.

    • Laboratory animal facilities should have a species-specific health surveillance program.

    • Animal care technicians play a vital role in observing animals for signs of illness or poor health.

    • Early detection of illness is important in preventing the spread of disease within the colony and promoting animal welfare.

    • Malnutrition can cause disease and deficiencies or excesses in the diet should be avoided.

    • Pathogens can cause infectious diseases, and early detection is important for the care and health of individual animals and the colony.

    • Parasites can infest animals, and signs such as diarrhea, vomiting, and skin lesions should be immediately reported.

    • Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and ventilation can affect the animal's physiology and research outcomes.

    • Contaminants such as mold in bedding and cleaning agents in aquatic housing can be harmful to animals.

    • Disease can also be caused by degenerative changes, aging, improper handling, allergic responses, and experimental manipulation.Preventing Disease in Laboratory Animal Facilities

    • Infectious organisms can be transmitted to laboratory animals through vectors, contact, and fomites.

    • High-quality husbandry practices, such as sanitizing gloves and cages, can significantly reduce pathogen transmission.

    • Sentinel animals are tested to detect viruses, bacteria, and parasites in the colony, and are rotated on a schedule.

    • Direct and indirect sentinel programs are used to detect pathogens transmitted by direct or indirect contact.

    • Environmental testing and PCR tests can also be used to detect pathogens in the colony.

    • Ferrets, laboratory cats and dogs may be vaccinated against specific diseases.

    • TB testing is necessary for NHPs and staff working with them.

    • Isolation areas prevent the spread of infectious diseases to other animals and personnel.

    • Dead animals should be removed and disposed of properly to prevent disease transmission.

    • As an ALAT, it is important to understand how diseases spread and how to prevent outbreaks.

    • Knowing the signs of disease and learning about diseases from veterinarians and investigators is crucial.

    • Proper disease prevention and control measures are necessary to ensure the accuracy and reliability of research data obtained from laboratory animals.

    Colony Health Surveillance in Laboratory Animals

    • Animal health surveillance is crucial in maintaining healthy research animals and ensuring quality research.

    • The surveillance program begins before animals are received, with information required from vendors on the health status of the animals.

    • Large animals should be procured from approved commercial vendors with established animal care programs.

    • Laboratory animal facilities should have a species-specific health surveillance program.

    • Animal care technicians play a vital role in observing animals for signs of illness or poor health.

    • Early detection of illness is important in preventing the spread of disease within the colony and promoting animal welfare.

    • Malnutrition can cause disease and deficiencies or excesses in the diet should be avoided.

    • Pathogens can cause infectious diseases, and early detection is important for the care and health of individual animals and the colony.

    • Parasites can infest animals, and signs such as diarrhea, vomiting, and skin lesions should be immediately reported.

    • Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and ventilation can affect the animal's physiology and research outcomes.

    • Contaminants such as mold in bedding and cleaning agents in aquatic housing can be harmful to animals.

    • Disease can also be caused by degenerative changes, aging, improper handling, allergic responses, and experimental manipulation.Preventing Disease in Laboratory Animal Facilities

    • Infectious organisms can be transmitted to laboratory animals through vectors, contact, and fomites.

    • High-quality husbandry practices, such as sanitizing gloves and cages, can significantly reduce pathogen transmission.

    • Sentinel animals are tested to detect viruses, bacteria, and parasites in the colony, and are rotated on a schedule.

    • Direct and indirect sentinel programs are used to detect pathogens transmitted by direct or indirect contact.

    • Environmental testing and PCR tests can also be used to detect pathogens in the colony.

    • Ferrets, laboratory cats and dogs may be vaccinated against specific diseases.

    • TB testing is necessary for NHPs and staff working with them.

    • Isolation areas prevent the spread of infectious diseases to other animals and personnel.

    • Dead animals should be removed and disposed of properly to prevent disease transmission.

    • As an ALAT, it is important to understand how diseases spread and how to prevent outbreaks.

    • Knowing the signs of disease and learning about diseases from veterinarians and investigators is crucial.

    • Proper disease prevention and control measures are necessary to ensure the accuracy and reliability of research data obtained from laboratory animals.

    Colony Health Surveillance in Laboratory Animals

    • Animal health surveillance is crucial in maintaining healthy research animals and ensuring quality research.

    • The surveillance program begins before animals are received, with information required from vendors on the health status of the animals.

    • Large animals should be procured from approved commercial vendors with established animal care programs.

    • Laboratory animal facilities should have a species-specific health surveillance program.

    • Animal care technicians play a vital role in observing animals for signs of illness or poor health.

    • Early detection of illness is important in preventing the spread of disease within the colony and promoting animal welfare.

    • Malnutrition can cause disease and deficiencies or excesses in the diet should be avoided.

    • Pathogens can cause infectious diseases, and early detection is important for the care and health of individual animals and the colony.

    • Parasites can infest animals, and signs such as diarrhea, vomiting, and skin lesions should be immediately reported.

    • Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and ventilation can affect the animal's physiology and research outcomes.

    • Contaminants such as mold in bedding and cleaning agents in aquatic housing can be harmful to animals.

    • Disease can also be caused by degenerative changes, aging, improper handling, allergic responses, and experimental manipulation.Preventing Disease in Laboratory Animal Facilities

    • Infectious organisms can be transmitted to laboratory animals through vectors, contact, and fomites.

    • High-quality husbandry practices, such as sanitizing gloves and cages, can significantly reduce pathogen transmission.

    • Sentinel animals are tested to detect viruses, bacteria, and parasites in the colony, and are rotated on a schedule.

    • Direct and indirect sentinel programs are used to detect pathogens transmitted by direct or indirect contact.

    • Environmental testing and PCR tests can also be used to detect pathogens in the colony.

    • Ferrets, laboratory cats and dogs may be vaccinated against specific diseases.

    • TB testing is necessary for NHPs and staff working with them.

    • Isolation areas prevent the spread of infectious diseases to other animals and personnel.

    • Dead animals should be removed and disposed of properly to prevent disease transmission.

    • As an ALAT, it is important to understand how diseases spread and how to prevent outbreaks.

    • Knowing the signs of disease and learning about diseases from veterinarians and investigators is crucial.

    • Proper disease prevention and control measures are necessary to ensure the accuracy and reliability of research data obtained from laboratory animals.

    Introduction to Surgical Instruments and Materials

    • Quality surgical instruments are expensive and can deteriorate rapidly if mishandled.

    • Laboratory animal technicians should be familiar with commonly used instruments and how to clean and sterilize them.

    • Surgery on laboratory animals is a common procedure in biomedical research.

    • Forceps are tweezer-like instruments used for compressing, securing, or grasping tissue or dressings.

    • Hemostatic forceps are designed to clamp onto bleeding tissue containing a severed vessel.

    • Allis tissue forceps exert minimal damage to tissues while providing a strong grip.

    • Needle holders secure the needles used to suture tissues closed and are used for knot tying.

    • Surgical needles are described by their shaft shape and point type of the tip.

    • Suture materials must be strong yet pliable, easily sterilized, and cause minimal reactions in the body.

    • Suture materials can be made from natural or synthetic materials and can be absorbable or nonabsorbable.

    • Suture materials are sized by their diameter using a numbering system established by the United States Pharmacopeia.

    • In place of sutures, wound clips or surgical adhesives can be used for skin wound closure.Surgical Instruments and Sterilization Techniques

    • Surgical instruments are categorized by their function and structure, such as scissors, retractors, and dental instruments.

    • Scissors can be blunt-blunt, blunt-sharp, or sharp-sharp, and are designed for specific purposes like dissecting tissue or cutting sutures.

    • Retractors are used to increase exposure of a surgical site, and can be handheld or self-retaining with wide, curved or angled blades.

    • Dental instruments, like scalers, elevators, and forceps, are used for treating diseased or fractured teeth and performing extractions.

    • All surgical instruments must be cleaned immediately after use to prevent materials from adhering to them and causing damage, and should be given individual attention during the cleaning process.

    • Sterilization methods for surgical instruments and materials include autoclave, ethylene oxide gas, hydrogen peroxide plasma, dry heat, or liquid sterilants.

    • Autoclave sterilization is the most common method for wrapped packs, while gas sterilization is used for heat-sensitive items like plastics and electronics.

    • Sterilization methods require proper cleaning, arrangement, spacing, and labeling of packs to ensure effectiveness, and indicators are used to show proper sterilization has occurred.

    • Glass bead sterilizers are used for quickly resterilizing metal surgical instruments, but only the tips should come into contact with living tissue.

    • Liquid chemical sterilization is used for heat-sensitive instruments and devices that can be immersed in liquid, but some agents like aldehydes can be irritating to tissues and cause respiratory illnesses.

    • When performing multiple rodent surgeries, instruments should be initially autoclaved, cleaned after each surgery, and resterilized before contact with the next animal.

    • Proficiency in using surgical instruments for tissue handling and wound closure is essential for technicians performing rodent surgeries.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on colony health surveillance and disease prevention in laboratory animals with this informative quiz. From detecting signs of illness to implementing proper disease control measures, this quiz covers important topics for maintaining healthy research animals and ensuring accurate research data. Keywords: animal health surveillance, pathogen transmission, sentinel animals, disease prevention, laboratory animals.

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