Colonization and Colonialism

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Questions and Answers

What is the title of the book written by Bernard Porter?

India Conquered: Britain's Raj and the Chaos of Empire

The Absent-Minded Imperialists (correct)

Civilization: The West and the Rest

The Imperial Empire

What is characteristic of British rule in India according to Jon E.Wilson?

Anxious, fragile and chaotic (correct)

Strong and authoritarian

Weak and ineffective

Peaceful and organized

According to Niall Ferguson, what drove the expansion of Western civilization?

Geography, Technology, and Economy

Politics, Culture, and Irrationality

Competition, Science, and Property (correct)

Medicine, Consumption, and Work

What is the main difference between the public sector in Britain and China?

Britain's public sector had more revenues from intensive agriculture, while China's had less Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the religious sector in China?

It supported a social order considered unique Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the private sector in Britain and the Arab world?

Britain's private sector had a hierarchy of companies, while the Arab world's did not Signup and view all the answers

According to David Abernethy, what were the three sectors in the metropole?

Public, Private, and Religious Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the article written by John Darwin?

English Historical Review Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of formal empires?

Several 'peripheries' are subordinated to the center Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a country that was a semi-empire?

Spain post 1820 Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between colonization and colony?

Colonization can occur without the establishment of a colony, and vice versa Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of internal colonialization?

Brazil and the hinterland Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between imperialism and colonialism?

Imperialism is a broader concept that encompasses colonialism and other forms of dominance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of informal empires?

They pursue interests beyond acquisition of territory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following empires is an example of a non-Roman empire?

The Tatar (Mongol) empire Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a type of colony?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of border colonization?

The expansion of empires through the establishment of border colonies. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinction between colonization and imperialism?

Colonization involves the establishment of colonies, while imperialism involves the expansion of empires Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following empires is an example of a precolonial empire in Western Africa?

A precolonial empire in Western Africa Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a country that was an informal empire?

China Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the metropolis and conquered areas in imperialism?

The relationship is characterized by exploitation and dominance. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an informal empire?

The Soviet expansion and satellite states in Central Europe after WW II Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between formal and informal empires?

Formal empires involve direct territorial control, while informal empires involve indirect influence. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following emperors was a non-Roman Roman Emperor?

Kublai Khan Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Colonization

Colonization goes hand in hand with colony/colonialism, but there are exceptions: colonies without colonization (e.g., only military conquest) and colonization without colonies (e.g., border colonization)
Internal colonialization: a process where a dominant group within a country exercises control over a weaker group (e.g., Brazil and the hinterland)
Subcolonial relations: relationships between one colony and another colony of the empire

Types of Colonies

Administration and legal statuses: viceroyalties, audiencias, protectorates, Crown colonies, free states, overseas provinces, League of Nation mandates, UN trusteeship territories, etc.
Economy and population: pure settlement colonies, plantation colonies, exploitation colonies, trading settlements, maritime enclaves, etc.

Empires

Formal empires: several 'peripheries' are subordinated to the center (e.g., Portugal, Spain, Dutch Republic, France, Britain)
Semi-empires: colonial powers without empires (e.g., Spain post 1820, Belgium)
Informal empires: pursuit of interests beyond acquisition of territory (e.g., China, 19th-century Britain in Latin America, etc.)

Imperialism

Comprises all forces and activities contributing to the construction and maintenance of empires
Imperialism is more comprehensive than colonialism, and colonialism is a special manifestation of imperialism
No absolute difference between imperialism and colonialism

Examples

The Roman Empire (ca. 150 AD)
The Tatar (Mongol) empire
The Austrian Habsburg Empire
Imperialism vs. colonization: relationship between metropolis and conquered areas (e.g., border colonization)
The Russian empire
Soviet expansion and satellite states in Central Europe after WW II
China under Han, Jin, Tang, Yuan, Ming, and Qing
Precolonial empires in Western Africa
The Inca Empire
The Abassid empire under khalif Hārūn al-Rashīd (763-809)
The Ottoman Empire in 1683

Causes of Imperialism

Geography
Technology
Economy
Politics
Culture
Irrationality
Combination

Theories

Niall Ferguson: competition, science, property, medicine, consumption, and work
David Abernethy: three sectors in the metropole (public, private, and religious) and their interactions
John Darwin: the role of decentralization and cosmopolitanism in the Arab world