Colonialism in Africa

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors most significantly allowed Europeans to conduct major expeditions into the interior of Africa in the 1800s?

  • The decline in power of African armies.
  • The introduction of steam-powered riverboats. (correct)
  • Advances in medicine providing immunity to African diseases.
  • Improved diplomatic relations between Europeans and African leaders.

Which of the following best describes the primary economic interest of European nations in colonizing Africa?

  • Seeking new territories for European populations to migrate.
  • Acquiring raw materials and creating markets for industrial products. (correct)
  • Developing advanced agricultural techniques to improve food production.
  • Establishing religious centers to facilitate the spread of Christianity.

How did the Berlin Conference of 1884-85 influence the scramble for Africa?

  • It established a framework for European powers to peacefully divide Africa, disregarding existing ethnic and linguistic boundaries. (correct)
  • It encouraged African leaders to form alliances against European colonizers.
  • It promoted fair trade agreements between European nations and African states.
  • It aimed to protect African cultures and traditions from European influence.

Which of the following factors significantly contributed to the Europeans' ability to conquer Africa?

<p>The Europeans' superior technology, particularly advanced weaponry like the Maxim gun. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the discovery of diamonds and gold in South Africa impact European colonization?

<p>It intensified the scramble for African territories, attracting adventurers and escalating conflicts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the Industrial Revolution contribute to European imperialism in Africa?

<p>By driving the need for raw materials to fuel industrial production and markets to sell manufactured goods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Social Darwinism influence European attitudes toward Africans during the age of imperialism?

<p>It was used to justify the domination of Africans, based on the belief that Europeans were a superior race. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Ethiopia able to resist European colonization during the late 19th century?

<p>Emperor Menelik II modernized the army and strategically played European powers against each other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Europeans use the policy of paternalism to govern colonies?

<p>By governing people in a parental way, providing for their needs without giving them rights. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of missionaries in their efforts to colonize people of Asia, Africa, and the Pacific Islands?

<p>To convert people to Christianity and &quot;civilize&quot; them by Westernizing their culture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the use of indirect control by the British differ from the direct control methods employed by the French?

<p>The British trained local people in European methods of governing, while the French brought in their own bureaucrats. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguished the Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa from other resistance movements?

<p>The belief that magic water would protect the fighters. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a significant consequence of European colonial rule in Africa?

<p>The artificial drawing of boundaries that combined or divided ethnic and kinship groups, leading to long-term conflicts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Boer War occur?

<p>Due to increasing tensions between the Boers and the British over land, resources, and political rights in Southern Africa. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Despite the negative impacts, what was a positive effect of European colonialism documented in this text?

<p>The increase in lifespans and literacy rates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Imperialism?

The seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country.

What is Racism?

The belief that one race is superior to others.

What is Social Darwinism?

Applied Darwin's ideas to human society; the fittest enjoy wealth/success.

What was the Berlin Conference?

A meeting where 14 European nations established rules for the division of Africa (1884-85).

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Who was Shaka?

A Zulu chief who used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a large centralized state around 1816.

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Who were the Boers?

Dutch settlers in South Africa(also known as Afrikaners).

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What was the Boer War?

A conflict (1899) between the British and the Boers in South Africa.

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What is Paternalism?

A policy where Europeans governed people in a paternal way by providing for their needs but not giving them rights.

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What is Assimilation?

A policy based on the idea that in time, the local populations would adopt French culture and become like the French

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Who was Menelik II?

Emperor of Ethiopia who successfully resisted European colonization.

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What was Negative Impact of Colonial Rule?

Africans' loss of control over their land and their independence due to European Imperialism.

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What was the Positive Impact of Colonial Rule?

Colonialism reduced local warfare, and improved sanitation.

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Study Notes

  • European nations built colonies while ignoring African ethnic, kingdom, and city-state claims.
  • The colonial presence is still felt by African nations today.
  • Industrialization stimulated ambition in many European nations.
  • These European nations wanted resources to power their industrial production.
  • They competed for new markets for their goods.
  • Many nations viewed Africa as a source of raw materials and a market for industrial products.
  • As a result, colonial powers seized vast areas of Africa during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

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