Colonial Ventures and Settlements Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What was the London Company?

This company was granted a southern tract from Cape Fear to Long Island.

What was the purpose of the Plymouth Company?

Establish a colony on the coast of Maine.

What was Jamestown known for?

It was a complete failure with a high death rate and no resources.

Who was Powhatan?

<p>Leader of local Native Americans by Jamestown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease significantly impacted Jamestown?

<p>Malaria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Captain John Smith?

<p>The leader of Jamestown who helped the colony survive the first year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Thomas West (Third Baron de la Warr) contribute to the Jamestown colony?

<p>He created a system of organization, taxation, and land distribution for the colony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the 'Counterblast to Tobacco'?

<p>James I's attack on the use of tobacco.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia?

<p>John Rolfe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the headright system?

<p>A system where land parcels were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the House of Burgesses?

<p>It was the first legislative body in colonial America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were Companies prohibited from doing?

<p>Establishing any settlements within one hundred miles of existing settlements of other companies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Virginia Company?

<p>A Joint-Stock Company that claimed all Virginia Grants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was tobacco's impact on Virginia?

<p>It saved the Virginia Company and became a highly profitable crop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was James I's relationship with smoking?

<p>He disliked smoking but accepted it when it became profitable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Pocahontas?

<p>A Powhatan woman who befriended the English at Jamestown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did a Dutch ship bring Africans to America?

<ol start="1619"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about Native American agriculture in Virginia?

<p>They had a passive food supply with maize and beans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Calverts?

<p>The Lords Baltimore who created a colony for persecuted Catholics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Act of Concerning Religion?

<p>An act that promoted religious tolerance for Christians in Maryland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Sir William Berkeley?

<p>Governor of Jamestown and monopolizer of the fur trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Nathaniel Bacon initiate?

<p>A rebellion against the Jamestown government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led a Puritan movement in England?

<p>Oliver Cromwell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Pilgrims?

<p>Settlers who left England for religious freedom and settled in Plymouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Mayflower Compact?

<p>An agreement for self-governance by the Pilgrims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Squanto?

<p>A Native American who helped the Pilgrims by teaching them survival skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was William Bradford?

<p>The leader of the Plymouth Colony known for his management skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a commonwealth?

<p>A self-governing political unit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were shareholders known as 'Freemen'?

<p>Original members of a company holding all power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

<p>Primarily a Puritan colony seeking to spread their religious views.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What changed in 1631 for freemen?

<p>New laws established requirements for Puritan males to vote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Congregationalism?

<p>A system where ministers are elected by church members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the roles of the minister?

<p>To teach, preach, pray, and administer; with limited power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the congregation?

<p>The final authority on church decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did John Winthrop envision for Massachusetts Bay Colony?

<p>A 'city upon a hill' to spread Puritan morality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Thomas Hooker?

<p>A Puritan minister who advocated for more democratic governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a Constitution?

<p>A written document outlining governance and laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?

<p>The first Constitution written in America that limited governor's power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Fundamental Articles of New Haven?

<p>Rules for a Bible-based government stricter than Massachusetts Bay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Roger Williams?

<p>The founder of Rhode Island promoting church-state separation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Providence Colony?

<p>A colony founded for religious freedom by Roger Williams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ideas did Anne Hutchinson preach?

<p>The direct communication of God with individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Wheelwright?

<p>A follower of Anne Hutchinson who founded Exeter in New Hampshire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Eliot?

<p>A Puritan who translated the Bible into Algonquin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Pequot War?

<p>A conflict between English settlers and Pequot Indians resulting in native casualties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Captain John Mason?

<p>Leader responsible for significant violence against the Pequot during the war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was King Philip's War?

<p>A series of conflicts between colonists and Wampanoags led by King Philip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the English Civil War?

<p>A conflict between Parliament supporters and the king's supporters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Roundheads?

<p>Supporters of Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell in the English Civil War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Cavaliers?

<p>Troops loyal to Charles II during the English Civil War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Charles I?

<p>He was tried for treason and executed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Oliver Cromwell?

<p>A leader during the English Civil War who became lord protector of England.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Stuart Restoration?

<p>The reestablishment of monarchy with Charles II after Cromwell's death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a proprietary colony?

<p>A colony granted land by the king to proprietors in exchange for payment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a royal colony?

<p>A colony under direct control of a monarch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Ashley Cooper?

<p>The principal proprietor of the Carolinas who wanted an ordered community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Carolinas in 1665?

<p>Land granted to repay subjects' debts along with instituted headrights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Fundamental Constitution for Carolina?

<p>A document designed to establish order and governance in Carolina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about Barbados?

<p>It was the site where the sugar and tobacco plantation system was perfected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was James, Duke of York?

<p>The brother of Charles II who took control of New Netherland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Peter Stuyvesant?

<p>The unpopular governor of New Amsterdam who surrendered to the English.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were Patroons?

<p>Dutch landowners who ruled large areas and acted autocratically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were John Berkely and Sir George Carteret?

<p>Political allies awarded land that became New Jersey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does anarchy mean?

<p>Total absence of rule or government; confusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was William Penn?

<p>A Quaker who founded Pennsylvania for religious freedom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Charter of Liberties?

<p>A charter establishing a representative assembly in Pennsylvania.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can you say about New Mexico?

<p>Not enough information provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Opechancanough?

<p>The chief of the Native confederacy after Powhatan's death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Oglethorpe?

<p>The founder of Georgia, aiming to provide refuge for persecuted Protestants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Middle Grounds?

<p>Areas of land where Native Americans and colonists coexisted peacefully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Navigation Acts?

<p>Regulations governing trade between England and its colonies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Massachusetts General Court represent?

<p>The governing body formed by shareholders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Edmund Andros?

<p>He was the royal governor of the Dominion of New England.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Glorious Revolution?

<p>The overthrow of an absolute monarch by Parliament, replacing him with William and Mary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Francis Nicholson?

<p>A lieutenant governor who assisted in governing New York.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jacob Leisler?

<p>A German immigrant who became governor of New York before being executed for treason.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Colonial Ventures and Settlements

  • London Company: Granted a tract from Cape Fear to Long Island; launched the Discovery, Godspeed, under Captain Newport, taking five months to reach North America.
  • Plymouth Company: Aimed to establish a colony in Maine, capitalizing on nearby fishing grounds for trade and food with Native Americans.
  • Jamestown: Notable for its failure due to high mortality, lack of resources, and abandonment of projects, contributing to its early struggles.
  • Powhatan Confederation: Local native leader at Jamestown; composed of multiple tribes and frequently aggressive towards English settlers.

Health and Leadership Challenges

  • Malaria: Devastated Jamestown inhabitants due to swampy conditions, leading to high death rates and workforce attrition.
  • Captain John Smith: Essential leader in Jamestown's survival during its initial year; known for his skills in survival and leadership; captured by Powhatan but spared by Pocahontas.
  • Thomas West (Baron de la Warr): Developed organizational systems including taxation and land distribution to support colony expansion.

Economy and Legislation

  • Tobacco: Key crop that financially supported Virginia; while lucrative, it depleted soil and was unsustainable as a singular economic focus.
  • House of Burgesses (1619): Originated as the first legislative assembly in colonial America, influencing governance in subsequent colonies.
  • Headright System: Land distribution strategy giving 50 acres to colonists for each indentured servant they brought, incentivizing immigration.

Religious and Social Dynamics

  • Act of Concerning Religion: Fostered religious tolerance in Maryland, safeguarding Christians regardless of denomination under Cecil Calvert's leadership.
  • Anne Hutchinson: Advocated for individual revelation and was expelled from Massachusetts Bay; her teachings contributed to the establishment of New Hampshire.
  • Puritan Separatists: Led by Oliver Cromwell, they established a more politically controlled England and spearheaded change in governance.

Conflict and Unity

  • The Pequot War: Faced between English settlers and Pequot Indians, resulting in near-total destruction of the Pequot population and asserting colonial land claims.
  • King Philip's War (1675): Significant conflict resulting from colonial expansion and jurisdictional disputes over local tribes; it dramatically reduced Native American populations in New England.
  • Navigation Acts: Regulatory laws controlling colonial trade to benefit England, leading to colonial resentment and growing calls for independence.

Governance and Colony Formation

  • Proprietary and Royal Colonies: Various types of colonial governance; proprietary colonies were established through land grants while royal colonies were directly controlled by the monarchy.
  • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: Recognized as the first written constitution in America, establishing limits on governmental power and extending voting rights beyond church members.
  • William Penn: As a Quaker, founded Pennsylvania to promote peaceful coexistence and provide religious freedom.

Territorial Development and Encounter

  • Carolinas and Georgia: Founded for economic gain and as a refuge for debtors; ultimately split into North and South Carolina due to differing economies and cultures.
  • Francis Nicholson and Edmund Andros: Key figures in the administration of New York and the Dominion of New England, faced challenges due to unpopular law enforcement and governance.
  • Spanish Missionary Activity: Aimed to spread culture and Christianity in the Southwest; success largely depended on the missionaries' effectiveness and relationship-building with Native populations.

Major Events and Figures

  • Oglethorpe: Founder of Georgia, aimed to create a sanctuary for the poor and persecuted.
  • Glorious Revolution: Marked the transition from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy in England, influencing the governance of colonies.
  • Jacob Leisler: German immigrant and interim governor of New York; executed for treason but later cleared of charges, highlighting political tensions in colonial governance.

These notes summarize the key entities, events, and social dynamics during the early years of colonization in America, reflecting the diverse motivations, conflicts, and governance structures that shaped early American society.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the early colonial ventures and settlements, including the efforts of the London and Plymouth Companies, the challenges faced in Jamestown, and the interactions with the Powhatan Confederation. This quiz covers critical events and figures that shaped the early years of American colonization.

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