Questions and Answers
What is the definition of colonization?
What year was Jamestown founded?
1607
Who is credited with the introduction of tobacco cultivation in Virginia?
John Rolfe
What was Bacon's Rebellion a response to?
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What is the significance of the Virginia Company?
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What was the House of Burgesses?
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Who was Powhatan?
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Indentured servants worked without pay for _____ to _____ years.
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What is the definition of slavery?
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What were the Puritans seeking when they settled in America?
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What was the outcome of King Philip's War?
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What was the purpose of town meetings in colonial New England?
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What was the Half-Way Covenant?
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What was the Mayflower Compact?
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What were the Salem Witch Trials?
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Who founded the Rhode Island settlement?
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New Amsterdam was renamed _____ when it became an English colony.
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Who was William Penn?
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What was mercantilism?
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Study Notes
Colonization
- Expansion of countries establishing settlements and control over local populations.
Jamestown
- First permanent English settlement founded in 1607 in Virginia by the London Company.
- Key figures include John Smith; tobacco emerged as a significant cash crop.
- The settlement endured a severe period known as the "starving time."
Tobacco Cultivation
- Introduced to Virginia by John Rolfe, who developed superior tobacco strains.
- Became crucial for Virginia's economy, demonstrating profitability to the monarchy.
Bacon's Rebellion
- A 1676 uprising in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley.
- Triggered by resentment over Berkeley's policies toward Native Americans and inadequate protection from raids.
Virginia Company
- Group of London investors that sponsored expeditions to the New World.
- Key player in the establishment of Jamestown.
House of Burgesses
- Established in 1619, it was the first legislative body in colonial America, allowing local governance.
Powhatan
- Indian chieftain who led the peoples in the James River area.
- Provided crucial assistance to the Jamestown colonists.
Indentured Servants
- Colonists who exchanged years of labor (4-7 years) for free passage to North America.
- Labor system that provided a temporary solution to labor shortages before the rise of slavery.
Slavery Development
- System of enforced servitude where individuals are owned by others.
- Virginia's dependence on tobacco cultivation increased the demand for slave labor.
Puritans
- Religious group seeking to purify the Church of England.
- Established colony in Massachusetts Bay for religious freedom.
King Philip's War
- Conflict lasting from 1675 to 1676, the bloodiest between settlers and Native Americans in the 17th century.
- Wampanoag tribe, led by King Philip, fought against English encroachment, resulting in severe casualties on both sides.
Town Meeting
- A democratic practice in colonial New England where male landowners could vote and discuss local laws and issues.
Half-Way Covenant
- A form of partial church membership allowed for the children of church members in Puritan communities, aimed at maintaining church attendance.
Mayflower Compact
- First self-governance agreement in America, signed in 1620 by 41 men aboard the Mayflower, establishing a government for Plymouth Colony.
Salem Witch Trials
- 1629 hysteria over witchcraft in a Puritan community marked by fear and accusations, notably utilizing spectral evidence.
Massachusetts Settlement
- Puritan foundation in the New England region, known for its strict religious observance.
Massachusetts Charter
- Document issued in 1691 that formally established the Province of Massachusetts Bay under the authority of William and Mary of Orange.
Rhode Island Settlement
- Established by dissenters from Massachusetts seeking religious tolerance and separation of church and state.
New Amsterdam/New York
- Originally a Dutch settlement for trade and fur, renamed New York after the English takeover in 1664.
William Penn
- Quaker who founded Pennsylvania in 1682, promoting religious tolerance and peaceful coexistence through the "holy experiment."
Roger Williams
- Founder of Rhode Island, advocating for separation of church and state; banished for his beliefs from Massachusetts in 1636.
Quakers
- Society of Friends who separated from the Church of England; emphasized pacifism, inner divinity, and social equality, particularly under William Penn's leadership.
French Settlement of Quebec
- Established as a fur trading post by the French, marking France's early presence in North America.
Mercantilism
- Economic policy emphasizing the importance of trade and accumulation of wealth through a favorable balance of trade; significant in shaping colonial policies.
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Description
Explore the key events and figures of early American colonization, focusing on the establishment of Jamestown in 1607. Learn about the significance of tobacco cultivation, Bacon's Rebellion, and the role of the Virginia Company in shaping the economy and governance of the colony.