Colonial Systems and Indigenous Resistance
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Questions and Answers

What was one of the primary purposes of the encomienda system?

  • To create a stable agricultural economy
  • To promote cultural exchange between Indigenous Peoples and colonizers
  • To obtain gold and silver through forced labor (correct)
  • To establish treaties with Indigenous tribes
  • What actions did colonial figures like Antonio Montesinos and Bartolome de las Casas take regarding the encomienda system?

  • They reported abuses of the Amerindians to the Spanish crown. (correct)
  • They supported the continuation of the encomienda system.
  • They formed alliances with colonists to protect their interests.
  • They advocated for the establishment of new labor laws.
  • What was one consequence of the failure of the Laws of Burgos and the New Laws of the Indies?

  • Increased protection for Amerindian laborers
  • The immediate abolition of the encomienda system
  • Increased wealth for the Spanish crown
  • Resistance from colonists who opposed the regulations (correct)
  • What strategies did Indigenous Peoples use to resist the encomienda system?

    <p>They formed bands of rebel groups hiding in the mountains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did slavery become a replacement for the encomienda system?

    <p>Enslaved Africans were sought after as a labor force for sugar cultivation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a justification for the institution of slavery in the colonies?

    <p>It was believed to promote economic growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one tactic used by plantation workers to resist overseers?

    <p>Pretending to misunderstand instructions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did indentured labourers receive upon completing their contract?

    <p>Return passage or a piece of land (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the status of enslaved individuals under the system of slavery?

    <p>They were seen as chattel, or property. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the dire consequences faced by the Indigenous Peoples due to the encomienda system?

    <p>Many succumbed to starvation and harsh treatment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regions primarily provided the replacement labour force after the emancipation of slaves?

    <p>Asia, primarily India and China (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant reason for the abandonment of contracts by indentured labourers?

    <p>Desire to work for their peers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the treatment of indentured labourers differ from that of slaves?

    <p>They retained their cultural practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the decline of the indentureship scheme in the early 20th century?

    <p>Reports of abuse and comparisons to slavery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of resistance did ex-slaves engage in after emancipation?

    <p>Establishing peasantry and free villages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which government withdrew its endorsement of the indentureship scheme early on?

    <p>The Chinese government (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the slash and burn technique?

    <p>To clear land and fertilize it for planting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group originally employed the slash and burn technique in the Caribbean?

    <p>Tainos and Mayans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the encomienda system primarily represent?

    <p>A system of forced labor and land grants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor was crucial for the Spanish in establishing the encomienda system?

    <p>The need for labor in agriculture and animal production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the plantation system differ from the slash and burn technique?

    <p>It uses permanent structures for farming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the ashes from the slash and burn method play in agriculture?

    <p>They acted as a soil amendment and pest deterrent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a system of production mentioned?

    <p>Feudalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which way did indigenous peoples influence Caribbean identity?

    <p>By shaping cultural practices and languages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes passive resistance among enslaved Africans?

    <p>Non-violent actions of protest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following revolts took place in the 18th century?

    <p>Tacky Rebellion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of manumission?

    <p>To purchase freedom contracts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the plantation system affect the social structure of Caribbean society?

    <p>It entrenched divisions by race, color, and class (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect was NOT a form of resistance used by enslaved Africans?

    <p>Collaboration with Europeans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common form of active resistance among enslaved Africans?

    <p>Destruction of property (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a reason for the establishment of Maroon communities?

    <p>To seek refuge from plantation life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year marked the end of slavery in the British Caribbean with the passing of the Emancipation Act?

    <p>1833 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Encomienda System

    A Spanish labor system where indigenous people were forced to work for Spanish colonists.

    Laws of Burgos

    Spanish laws intended to regulate the encomienda system, but were unsuccessful.

    Resistance to Encomienda

    Indigenous peoples' attempts to fight against the abuses of the encomienda system.

    Bartolome de las Casas

    A Dominican friar who criticized the abuse of indigenous people under the encomienda system.

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    Slavery

    A system where individuals are owned by others, forced to work without pay.

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    African labor

    The use of Africans as a labor force, replacing indigenous people after the collapse of the encomienda system

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    Replacement Labor

    The transition from indigenous to African labor in Spanish colonies.

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    Justification of Slavery

    Claims made to legitimize the ownership and exploitation of enslaved people.

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    Slash and burn

    A method of clearing land for agriculture by burning vegetation. Used by Indigenous peoples like the Taino and Maya to grow crops.

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    Systems of Production

    The ways an economy is organized to produce goods and services.

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    Indigenous people's contribution to Caribbean Identity

    Indigenous peoples (like the Taíno and Maya) shaped Caribbean identity by developing agriculture with methods like slash-and-burn and providing distinct cultures and traditions that were present before the Europeans arrived.

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    Plantation system

    A large-scale agricultural estate that typically grew cash crops like sugar or cotton.

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    Indentureship

    A system where people agreed to work for a fixed period in exchange for passage to the Caribbean.

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    Taino/Maya Agriculture

    Farming practices in the Caribbean employed by Taino and Mayan cultures.

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    Chattel Slavery

    A system where enslaved people are treated as property, with no rights or freedoms.

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    Passive Resistance

    Non-violent acts of defiance against oppression, aimed at disrupting daily life.

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    Active Resistance

    Use of violence, including riots and rebellions, to resist oppression.

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    Plantation Society

    A social system based on large farms (plantations) where enslaved people work and where racial divisions are prominent.

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    Marronage

    The act of escaped enslaved people forming communities in remote areas.

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    Manumission

    The act of freeing enslaved people by purchase.

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    Haitian Revolution

    A period of armed resistance against French colonial rule in Haiti.

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    Ex-slave resistance

    Former slaves avoided work on plantations after emancipation, creating their own businesses and villages.

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    Planters' labor needs

    After slavery, planters needed new workers to replace the former slaves, turning to indentured workers from Asia, mostly.

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    Indentured worker treatment

    Despite being promised land, and passage, and cash, indentured labourers were often treated poorly, similar to or even worse than slaves.

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    Indentured worker frustration

    Indentured workers often left their contracts early, unhappy with their conditions, and mistreatment.

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    Labor exploitation in Caribbean

    The Caribbean's history involves the exploitation of labor, which is consistent across multiple labor systems, and particularly with reference for slaves, encomienda, and indentured labourers.

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    Labor system comparison in Caribbean

    Comparing Encomienda, slavery, and indentureship demonstrates a consistent pattern of labour exploitation throughout Caribbean history.

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    Abolition of slavery impact

    The abolition of slavery forced planters to find alternative labour sources.

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