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Questions and Answers
Describe how the actions of Chief Hatuey can be seen as both a challenge and a catalyst for Spanish colonization in Cuba.
Describe how the actions of Chief Hatuey can be seen as both a challenge and a catalyst for Spanish colonization in Cuba.
Hatuey's warning motivated resistance, delaying colonization. However, his eventual capture and execution demoralized the natives, ultimately facilitating Spanish control.
Explain how the rapid decline in Cuba's native population by 1555 impacted the labor system implemented by the Spanish.
Explain how the rapid decline in Cuba's native population by 1555 impacted the labor system implemented by the Spanish.
The drastic population decline created a labor shortage, leading the Spanish to initiate the African slave trade to sustain their agricultural system.
What role did the encomienda system play in altering the social and economic structures of Cuba following Spanish conquest?
What role did the encomienda system play in altering the social and economic structures of Cuba following Spanish conquest?
The encomienda system concentrated land and labor in Spanish hands, enabling them to exploit native populations for cotton and tobacco production while forcing religious conversion.
In what ways did the establishment of settlements like Santiago de Cuba and Havana solidify Spanish control over the island?
In what ways did the establishment of settlements like Santiago de Cuba and Havana solidify Spanish control over the island?
How might the Spanish conquest of Cuba serve as an example of the broader patterns of European colonization in the Americas during the 16th century?
How might the Spanish conquest of Cuba serve as an example of the broader patterns of European colonization in the Americas during the 16th century?
Flashcards
Velazquez Conquest
Velazquez Conquest
Cuba was conquered by Diego Velazquez in 1514.
Chief Hatuey
Chief Hatuey
A Taíno chief who warned natives about Spanish cruelty in Cuba.
Encomienda System
Encomienda System
A system where Spanish landowners forced natives to work in agriculture and converted them to Christianity.
Decline of Native Population
Decline of Native Population
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African Slave Trade
African Slave Trade
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Study Notes
Spanish Conquest of Cuba
- Cuba was conquered by the Spanish in 1514 under Diego Velázquez
- Natives fled to Cuba from Haiti, terrified by Spanish colonization, from 1511.
- Chief Hatuey warned the indigenous population of danger.
- Hatuey was captured and executed in 1512.
- A massacre of 2,000 natives occurred at Caonao in 1513.
- Spanish settlements established in Santiago de Cuba and Havana by 1514.
- The encomienda system was implemented in Cuba, forcing indigenous people to farm cotton and tobacco.
- Indigenous populations decreased drastically: from ~350,000 in 1514 to ~3,000 by 1555.
- This drastic decline in the indigenous population led to the transatlantic slave trade to supply labor.
- Indigenous people were forced into forced conversions to Christianity.
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Description
The Spanish conquest of Cuba began in 1511, led by Diego Velázquez in 1514. The indigenous population drastically declined due to massacres, forced labor through the encomienda system, and disease. This depopulation led to the introduction of the transatlantic slave trade.
