Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was King Jaja refusing to allow the British to do in 1885?
What was King Jaja refusing to allow the British to do in 1885?
- Establish a British embassy
- Build a hospital in his kingdom
- Invade his territory's hinterlands (correct)
- Trade with his people
What was the outcome of the British invasion of the Igbo hinterland in 1901?
What was the outcome of the British invasion of the Igbo hinterland in 1901?
- They established a trade agreement with the Igbo people
- They were defeated by the Igbo people
- They burned down the Ibinukpabi Oracle of Arochukwu and executed its priests (correct)
- They set up a new government
What was the main pretext under which European colonization of Africa operated?
What was the main pretext under which European colonization of Africa operated?
- Humanitarian aid
- Trade (correct)
- Religious conversion
- Education
What was the name of the company under which the British conducted colonial trade in Nigeria?
What was the name of the company under which the British conducted colonial trade in Nigeria?
What was the outcome of the Berlin conference in 1885?
What was the outcome of the Berlin conference in 1885?
What was one of the ways in which colonial trade was conducted in Nigeria?
What was one of the ways in which colonial trade was conducted in Nigeria?
What was the consequence of the British invasion of the Nupe Kingdom in 1898?
What was the consequence of the British invasion of the Nupe Kingdom in 1898?
What was the significance of the year 1903 in the history of the Sultanate of Sokoto?
What was the significance of the year 1903 in the history of the Sultanate of Sokoto?
Who were the first Europeans to arrive in Nigeria?
Who were the first Europeans to arrive in Nigeria?
What was the main purpose of the British assault on the indigenous Nigerian peoples?
What was the main purpose of the British assault on the indigenous Nigerian peoples?
What was the outcome of the British military campaign on the indigenous Nigerian peoples?
What was the outcome of the British military campaign on the indigenous Nigerian peoples?
How many indigenous peoples were there in Nigeria, according to the text?
How many indigenous peoples were there in Nigeria, according to the text?
What was the result of the military campaign on African nations like Nigeria?
What was the result of the military campaign on African nations like Nigeria?
What was the year of the Opium War, according to the text?
What was the year of the Opium War, according to the text?
What was the purpose of the US assault on Japan in 1853, according to the text?
What was the purpose of the US assault on Japan in 1853, according to the text?
What were the basic strategies of the colonial project, according to the text?
What were the basic strategies of the colonial project, according to the text?
What was the main purpose of commercial farms established by the British?
What was the main purpose of commercial farms established by the British?
How did the British enforce their economic interests in the colonies?
How did the British enforce their economic interests in the colonies?
What was the role of emirs and chiefs in the colonial system?
What was the role of emirs and chiefs in the colonial system?
What was the difference between colonial slavery and the slavery of previous centuries?
What was the difference between colonial slavery and the slavery of previous centuries?
What was the purpose of encouraging natives to cultivate cash crops?
What was the purpose of encouraging natives to cultivate cash crops?
What was the primary goal of the colonial economy?
What was the primary goal of the colonial economy?
How did the British determine the value of the cash crops produced by the natives?
How did the British determine the value of the cash crops produced by the natives?
What is the main difference between colonialism and imperialism?
What is the main difference between colonialism and imperialism?
Why did European powers adopt colonialism in the 19th century?
Why did European powers adopt colonialism in the 19th century?
What were the consequences for those who couldn't afford to pay taxes?
What were the consequences for those who couldn't afford to pay taxes?
What was the strategy used by the British to maintain control over the colonies?
What was the strategy used by the British to maintain control over the colonies?
What is the meaning of the Latin word 'colonus'?
What is the meaning of the Latin word 'colonus'?
Who were the governor-general, provincial commissioners, divisional and district officers?
Who were the governor-general, provincial commissioners, divisional and district officers?
What is the main purpose of social welfare structures in the colonial project?
What is the main purpose of social welfare structures in the colonial project?
Who defined colonization as a practice of domination?
Who defined colonization as a practice of domination?
What is the relationship between education and politics according to McLaughlin?
What is the relationship between education and politics according to McLaughlin?
What is the main purpose of colonial education according to Kelly and Altbach?
What is the main purpose of colonial education according to Kelly and Altbach?
What is the ultimate goal of colonial education?
What is the ultimate goal of colonial education?
What is the role of schools in colonial education according to Louis Althusser?
What is the role of schools in colonial education according to Louis Althusser?
What is the idea behind cultural assimilation in colonial education?
What is the idea behind cultural assimilation in colonial education?
What do colonizing governments realize about gaining strength?
What do colonizing governments realize about gaining strength?
What is the effect of colonial education on indigenous learning structures?
What is the effect of colonial education on indigenous learning structures?
What is the role of education in facilitating the assimilation process according to colonizers?
What is the role of education in facilitating the assimilation process according to colonizers?
What does Gauri Viswanathan mean by 'cultural assimilation is...the most effective form of political action'?
What does Gauri Viswanathan mean by 'cultural assimilation is...the most effective form of political action'?
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Study Notes
Basic Strategies of Colonial Domination
- The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in Nigeria through the Bini Kingdom in the 15th century.
- The British assault on Nigerian indigenous peoples in the 19th century led to the birth of the Nigerian nation.
- Nigerian peoples were independent indigenous peoples, including the Hausa, Kanem-Borno, Nupe, Igala, Jukun, Tiv, Yoruba, Bini, Urhobo/Edo, Igbo, Ogoja, Ijaw, Kalabari, Ogoni, Efik/Ibibio, and 300 other "minorities".
Military Assault
- Military campaign was a major strategy of launching the era of legitimate commerce.
- The natives were not colonized by agreement; they were assaulted and conquered.
- The assault was global, including the Opium War (1839-1842) and the US assault on Japan in 1853.
- Modern African nations like Nigeria were the product of European military and cultural assault on African indigenous peoples.
Examples of Military Assault
- King Jaja of Opobo was tricked, arrested, and exiled to St Vincent in the West Indies in 1885 for refusing to allow the British to invade his territory and control trading activities.
- The British invaded and subdued the Igbo hinterland, setting the Ibinukpabi Oracle of Arochukwu on fire and executing its priests in 1901 to break down Igbo resistance.
- The British also invaded and subdued the Nupe Kingdom (1898), the thousand-year-old trans-Saharan trade city-state of Kano (1903), the Kanem-Borno Empire, and the Sultanate of Sokoto.
Colonial Trade
- Trade was the general pretext under which European colonization of Africa and other parts of the world operated.
- The British settled for "legitimate commerce" under the title of the Royal Niger Company.
- Colonial trade involved usurpation of lands, commercial agriculture, enforcement of forced labor, policies of taxation, and was enforced by colonial rule.
- Natives were used as slaves to provide labor for commercial farms producing raw materials shipped to Europe for factory production.
Colonial Rule (Administration and Social Welfare)
- Colonial rule was a semi-feudal civil administration through indirect rule, using warrant chiefs to enforce British economic interests.
- Colonialism was slavery at home, with farms established on native land and natives consigned to servitude.
- Natives were encouraged to cultivate cash crops and pay taxes on proceeds, with the British controlling the cash crop market and determining the value of products.
- Those who couldn't afford foreign currencies to pay taxes had to resort to anticultural behaviors like tax evasion, stealing, or robbery.
Colonial Education
- Colonization involves the subjugation of one people to another, and colonial education is an instrument of colonization.
- The colonizing nation implements its own form of schooling within its colonies, aiming to assist in the consolidation of foreign rule.
- Assimilation involves the colonized being forced to conform to the cultures and traditions of the colonizers.
- Cultural assimilation is an effective form of political action, allowing cultural domination to work by consent and often preceding conquest by force.
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