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Questions and Answers
What was the initial status of the first African laborers who arrived in Virginia in 1619?
What was the initial status of the first African laborers who arrived in Virginia in 1619?
- They were treated as indentured servants. (correct)
- They were considered free citizens.
- They were treated as slaves immediately.
- They were sold to other colonies.
What economic factor contributed to the shift from indentured servitude to slavery in Virginia by the late 1600s?
What economic factor contributed to the shift from indentured servitude to slavery in Virginia by the late 1600s?
- The reliance of colonists on skilled labor.
- The increase in tobacco prices.
- The availability of more indentured servants.
- The decline in indentured servant population. (correct)
Which of the following best describes the differences in treatment between indentured servants and slaves?
Which of the following best describes the differences in treatment between indentured servants and slaves?
- Indentured servants had the option to gain freedom. (correct)
- Both could receive land after a certain period.
- Slaves could also eventually buy their freedom.
- Indentured servants faced harsher conditions than slaves.
What was one reason for the colonists' preference for slave labor over indentured servants by the late 1600s?
What was one reason for the colonists' preference for slave labor over indentured servants by the late 1600s?
How did the treatment of indentured servants and slaves differ in terms of societal integration?
How did the treatment of indentured servants and slaves differ in terms of societal integration?
What was the purchasing price difference between indentured servants and slaves in the early 1600s Virginia?
What was the purchasing price difference between indentured servants and slaves in the early 1600s Virginia?
By the late 1600s, what demographic change influenced the colonists' labor choices?
By the late 1600s, what demographic change influenced the colonists' labor choices?
What was a significant consequence of treating Africans as indentured servants initially?
What was a significant consequence of treating Africans as indentured servants initially?
What was a primary reason for the conflict between English settlers and Native Americans?
What was a primary reason for the conflict between English settlers and Native Americans?
How did English colonists typically differ from Spanish colonists in their approach to Native Americans?
How did English colonists typically differ from Spanish colonists in their approach to Native Americans?
What were the 'Laws of Conquest' primarily aimed at?
What were the 'Laws of Conquest' primarily aimed at?
What impact did the decline in the number of indentured servants have on the colonists?
What impact did the decline in the number of indentured servants have on the colonists?
What did the English settlers believe about Native Americans in relation to their own culture?
What did the English settlers believe about Native Americans in relation to their own culture?
Which of the following describes the English settlers' view towards living among Native Americans?
Which of the following describes the English settlers' view towards living among Native Americans?
What was the approximate measurement of the walls on the river side of the triangular-shaped fort?
What was the approximate measurement of the walls on the river side of the triangular-shaped fort?
What was one effect of the English pattern of conquest on the Native Americans?
What was one effect of the English pattern of conquest on the Native Americans?
What was a significant consequence of the English conquest pattern, as indicated by the experiences in Virginia?
What was a significant consequence of the English conquest pattern, as indicated by the experiences in Virginia?
Where was the main gate of the fort located?
Where was the main gate of the fort located?
How far was the range of each cannon mounted on the bulwarks?
How far was the range of each cannon mounted on the bulwarks?
What type of structure was built along the wall of the fort?
What type of structure was built along the wall of the fort?
What were the palisades made of in terms of width?
What were the palisades made of in terms of width?
How many bulwarks or watch towers were located at the corners of the fort?
How many bulwarks or watch towers were located at the corners of the fort?
What geographical feature faced the fort's main gate?
What geographical feature faced the fort's main gate?
What city is closest to the site of Jamestown?
What city is closest to the site of Jamestown?
What was significant about the settlement at Jamestown?
What was significant about the settlement at Jamestown?
Who was John Smith?
Who was John Smith?
Which of the following best describes John Smith's view on the opportunities in America?
Which of the following best describes John Smith's view on the opportunities in America?
What phrase did John Smith inscribe on his coat of arms?
What phrase did John Smith inscribe on his coat of arms?
What was John Smith's role in the Virginia Company?
What was John Smith's role in the Virginia Company?
Why does John Smith refer to nature and liberty in his remarks?
Why does John Smith refer to nature and liberty in his remarks?
What was the attitude of John Smith towards risks associated with settling in America?
What was the attitude of John Smith towards risks associated with settling in America?
What essential aspect of life in England did John Smith imply was lacking?
What essential aspect of life in England did John Smith imply was lacking?
What action did the leaders of Jamestown take in response to the Powhatan's hostility?
What action did the leaders of Jamestown take in response to the Powhatan's hostility?
Who was kidnapped by Jamestown soldiers as part of their retaliation strategy?
Who was kidnapped by Jamestown soldiers as part of their retaliation strategy?
What did John Rolfe's marriage to Pocahontas symbolize?
What did John Rolfe's marriage to Pocahontas symbolize?
What was the outcome of the 1622 attack led by Chief Opechancanough?
What was the outcome of the 1622 attack led by Chief Opechancanough?
How did the English settlers' actions affect the Powhatan territory?
How did the English settlers' actions affect the Powhatan territory?
What change occurred in Virginia after the turmoil caused by the conflicts?
What change occurred in Virginia after the turmoil caused by the conflicts?
What major crop played a role in the English settlers' expansion into Native American land?
What major crop played a role in the English settlers' expansion into Native American land?
What was a consequence of the Virginia Company sending troops and supplies after the 1622 attack?
What was a consequence of the Virginia Company sending troops and supplies after the 1622 attack?
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Study Notes
Conflict Between English Settlers and Native Americans
- English settlers sought land expansion in Virginia, leading to escalating tensions with Native American tribes.
- The English conquest pattern mirrored their approach to Irish colonization, emphasizing clear separation from Native peoples.
- English laws prohibited intermarriage and integration with Native Americans, viewing them similarly to the "wild Irish."
Introduction of African Laborers
- The first African laborers arrived in Virginia in 1619, initially treated as indentured servants.
- After several years, most Africans gained land and freedom; however, continued arrivals eventually shifted toward systematic enslaving.
Economic Aspects of Indentured Servitude and Slavery
- Indentured servants could be purchased for 1,000 pounds of tobacco, while enslaved individuals cost significantly more, impacting labor decisions.
- Declining indentured servant numbers in the late 1600s and rising wealth among colonists led to increasing reliance on African slaves, who faced harsher conditions.
Establishment of Jamestown
- Jamestown, founded in 1607, was the first permanent English settlement in North America.
- John Smith, an adventurous figure, played a key role in its establishment, advocating for colonization opportunities.
Dynamics of the Powhatan Conflict
- Tensions heightened between English settlers and Powhatan tribes due to loss of food supplies and land from colonists.
- Retaliatory measures included demanding tributes from Native Americans and violent reprisals against villages.
- The marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe in 1614 temporarily eased tensions, but conflict resumed over land seizure for tobacco cultivation.
Decline of English Control over Virginia
- Chief Opechancanough led a coordinated attack in 1622, resulting in over 340 colonist deaths.
- The Virginia Company weakened significantly, leading to King James I revoking its charter and establishing Virginia as a royal colony.
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