Colonial America: Settlers vs. Native Americans
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Questions and Answers

What was the initial status of the first African laborers who arrived in Virginia in 1619?

  • They were treated as indentured servants. (correct)
  • They were considered free citizens.
  • They were treated as slaves immediately.
  • They were sold to other colonies.

    • What economic factor contributed to the shift from indentured servitude to slavery in Virginia by the late 1600s?

  • The reliance of colonists on skilled labor.
  • The increase in tobacco prices.
  • The availability of more indentured servants.
  • The decline in indentured servant population. (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes the differences in treatment between indentured servants and slaves?

  • Indentured servants had the option to gain freedom. (correct)
  • Both could receive land after a certain period.
  • Slaves could also eventually buy their freedom.
  • Indentured servants faced harsher conditions than slaves.

    • What was one reason for the colonists' preference for slave labor over indentured servants by the late 1600s?

    <p>Slaves were perceived as more reliable laborers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the treatment of indentured servants and slaves differ in terms of societal integration?

    <p>Indentured servants could become members of society, while slaves could not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purchasing price difference between indentured servants and slaves in the early 1600s Virginia?

    <p>Indentured servants cost 1,000 pounds of tobacco, slaves twice or thrice that.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By the late 1600s, what demographic change influenced the colonists' labor choices?

    <p>A decline in the number of indentured servants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of treating Africans as indentured servants initially?

    <p>Many were eventually granted land and freedom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary reason for the conflict between English settlers and Native Americans?

    <p>Demand for more land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did English colonists typically differ from Spanish colonists in their approach to Native Americans?

    <p>They did not intermarry and viewed Native Americans as similar to the Irish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the 'Laws of Conquest' primarily aimed at?

    <p>Restricting cultural and social interactions between the English and Irish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the decline in the number of indentured servants have on the colonists?

    <p>It led to increased reliance on African slaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the English settlers believe about Native Americans in relation to their own culture?

    <p>They were viewed as beneath English standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the English settlers' view towards living among Native Americans?

    <p>They had no desire to live among or intermarry with them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the approximate measurement of the walls on the river side of the triangular-shaped fort?

    <p>420 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one effect of the English pattern of conquest on the Native Americans?

    <p>Subjugation and displacement of Native American tribes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of the English conquest pattern, as indicated by the experiences in Virginia?

    <p>Heightened tensions and warfare with Native Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where was the main gate of the fort located?

    <p>On the long side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far was the range of each cannon mounted on the bulwarks?

    <p>One mile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of structure was built along the wall of the fort?

    <p>A barracks or bawn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the palisades made of in terms of width?

    <p>Less than one foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bulwarks or watch towers were located at the corners of the fort?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geographical feature faced the fort's main gate?

    <p>The river</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What city is closest to the site of Jamestown?

    <p>Richmond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was significant about the settlement at Jamestown?

    <p>It was the first permanent English settlement in North America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was John Smith?

    <p>An adventurer who helped establish Jamestown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes John Smith's view on the opportunities in America?

    <p>He felt America offered chances for both the poor and the wealthy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phrase did John Smith inscribe on his coat of arms?

    <p>To conquer is to live.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was John Smith's role in the Virginia Company?

    <p>He advocated for the creation of a new colony in America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does John Smith refer to nature and liberty in his remarks?

    <p>He regarded them as the foundation of colonization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the attitude of John Smith towards risks associated with settling in America?

    <p>He felt they were crucial for opportunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What essential aspect of life in England did John Smith imply was lacking?

    <p>Land and resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did the leaders of Jamestown take in response to the Powhatan's hostility?

    <p>They demanded tributes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was kidnapped by Jamestown soldiers as part of their retaliation strategy?

    <p>Pocahontas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did John Rolfe's marriage to Pocahontas symbolize?

    <p>A short-lived peace agreement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 1622 attack led by Chief Opechancanough?

    <p>It caused significant casualties among the colonists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the English settlers' actions affect the Powhatan territory?

    <p>They moved further into the territory and seized more land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change occurred in Virginia after the turmoil caused by the conflicts?

    <p>It was established as a royal colony under direct control of the king.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major crop played a role in the English settlers' expansion into Native American land?

    <p>Tobacco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of the Virginia Company sending troops and supplies after the 1622 attack?

    <p>It left the Virginia Company nearly bankrupt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Conflict Between English Settlers and Native Americans

    • English settlers sought land expansion in Virginia, leading to escalating tensions with Native American tribes.
    • The English conquest pattern mirrored their approach to Irish colonization, emphasizing clear separation from Native peoples.
    • English laws prohibited intermarriage and integration with Native Americans, viewing them similarly to the "wild Irish."

    Introduction of African Laborers

    • The first African laborers arrived in Virginia in 1619, initially treated as indentured servants.
    • After several years, most Africans gained land and freedom; however, continued arrivals eventually shifted toward systematic enslaving.

    Economic Aspects of Indentured Servitude and Slavery

    • Indentured servants could be purchased for 1,000 pounds of tobacco, while enslaved individuals cost significantly more, impacting labor decisions.
    • Declining indentured servant numbers in the late 1600s and rising wealth among colonists led to increasing reliance on African slaves, who faced harsher conditions.

    Establishment of Jamestown

    • Jamestown, founded in 1607, was the first permanent English settlement in North America.
    • John Smith, an adventurous figure, played a key role in its establishment, advocating for colonization opportunities.

    Dynamics of the Powhatan Conflict

    • Tensions heightened between English settlers and Powhatan tribes due to loss of food supplies and land from colonists.
    • Retaliatory measures included demanding tributes from Native Americans and violent reprisals against villages.
    • The marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe in 1614 temporarily eased tensions, but conflict resumed over land seizure for tobacco cultivation.

    Decline of English Control over Virginia

    • Chief Opechancanough led a coordinated attack in 1622, resulting in over 340 colonist deaths.
    • The Virginia Company weakened significantly, leading to King James I revoking its charter and establishing Virginia as a royal colony.

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    An English Settlement at Jamestown PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the conflicts between English settlers and Native Americans during the expansion of colonies. Delve into the dynamics of these interactions and the roles of indentured servants in this historical context.

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