Colonial America and Enlightenment Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was a significant concern of the Anti-Federalists regarding the 1787 Constitution?

It concentrated too much power in a central government. (correct)

It established a strong national military.

It would improve relations with Native Americans.

It allowed for universal voting rights.

Who were the 'War Hawks' and what was their primary concern?

Federalists who sought to limit military expenditures.

Farmers advocating for peace with Britain.

Pro-war members of Congress angered by British actions. (correct)

Anti-war Congress members who opposed military action.

What was the main goal of Alexander Hamilton's financial report in 1790?

To establish the creditworthiness of the U.S. (correct)

To promote international trade agreements.

To redistribute wealth among states.

To eliminate all national debts.

What was the main purpose of the Mayflower Compact?

To ensure cooperation and safety among colonists Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major consequences of the War of 1812?

Increased nationalism in the United States. Signup and view all the answers

Which act, passed in 1765, angered many American colonists due to its requirement for a stamp on all printed items?

Stamp Act Signup and view all the answers

Which war was characterized by conflicts between the U.S. and Great Britain and also involved the invasion of Canada?

War of 1812. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main aim of the Sugar Act introduced in 1764?

To pay off Britain's war debt Signup and view all the answers

What was Thomas Paine's contribution to the American Revolution?

He wrote Common Sense to advocate for independence Signup and view all the answers

During the Quasi War, what significant action did President John Adams take?

Expanded the U.S. Navy from one vessel to a larger fleet. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Intolerable Acts mainly instigated by?

British response to the Boston Tea Party Signup and view all the answers

What economic shift did the Market Revolution represent in the 19th century?

Shift from home-based work to factory-based work. Signup and view all the answers

Which significant document laid out the foundation of American government and outlined the grievances against King George III?

Declaration of Independence Signup and view all the answers

Which group was known for their demands for protections of individual rights?

Anti-Federalists. Signup and view all the answers

What event escalated tensions leading to the Boston Massacre?

Townspeople provocatively confronting British soldiers Signup and view all the answers

Where did the first major battle of the American Revolution take place?

Bunker Hill Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga in the American Revolution?

It led to French recognition of American independence. Signup and view all the answers

Which major issue was highlighted by the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

Insufficient power to levy taxes. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Battle at Yorktown?

The Americans secured a decisive surrender from the British. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Paxton Boys achieve through their actions?

They heightened racial tensions and conflict. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Sons and Daughters of Liberty?

To resist the Stamp Act and organize boycotts Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary purpose of the Land Law of 1796?

To facilitate the sale of western land to settlers. Signup and view all the answers

What significant event is referred to as the 'shot heard round the world'?

The battles of Lexington and Concord Signup and view all the answers

Who led the Corps of Discovery Expedition?

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of the British victory at Bunker Hill?

It inspired confidence in the American colonists despite the loss. Signup and view all the answers

What were Benjamin Franklin's 13 laws intended to represent?

A code of moral behavior for citizens. Signup and view all the answers

What was a main feature of the Articles of Confederation?

It allowed states complete autonomy. Signup and view all the answers

What inspired the concept of Republicanism as understood during the American Revolution?

The Roman Republic and civic virtue Signup and view all the answers

What motivated Shay's Rebellion in the 1780s?

Economic troubles faced by farmers and veterans Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Washington's crossing of the Delaware River?

Victory against British forces in Trenton Signup and view all the answers

Which group played a significant role in the non-importation act during the American Revolution?

The Sons and Daughters of Liberty Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the 1830 Indian Removal Act?

To relocate Native American tribes for white settlers' expansion Signup and view all the answers

What does the slogan 'Fifty-four forty or Fight' represent?

The intent to expand U.S. territory in a war against Britain Signup and view all the answers

What was the main strategy behind the British troops' advance during Lexington and Concord?

To secure control of gunpowder stored in Concord Signup and view all the answers

What major consequence did the Mexican-American War have?

It led to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Signup and view all the answers

What was the ruling of the Supreme Court in the 1857 case concerning citizenship of African Americans?

The court thought Black people couldn’t be citizens, denying standing to sue Signup and view all the answers

What was the 'Trail of Tears' associated with?

The forced relocation of Native Americans under harsh conditions Signup and view all the answers

What belief was the concept of Manifest Destiny associated with?

The divine right of Americans to expand westward Signup and view all the answers

Which president was associated with the slogan 'Fifty-four forty or Fight'?

James K Polk Signup and view all the answers

What was a result of the Mexican-American War concerning territorial changes?

The U.S. acquired land that included California and New Mexico Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Compromise of 1850?

To settle debts related to Texas Signup and view all the answers

What was a key difference between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas regarding slavery?

Lincoln opposed slavery, while Douglas believed states should decide on it Signup and view all the answers

What significant event was triggered by the election of 1860?

The onset of the Civil War Signup and view all the answers

What event is associated with John Brown during the 1850s?

He led a violent attack against pro-slavery settlers Signup and view all the answers

The Dred Scott decision is most notable for addressing which theme?

Legal status and rights of enslaved people Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Gettysburg Address?

To emphasize both equality and national unity Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Fugitive Slave Act play in American history?

It deepened sectional animosities between North and South Signup and view all the answers

Which general led Confederate forces at the pivotal Battle of Gettysburg?

Robert E. Lee Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Treaty of Tordesillas

Divided the new world into spheres of influence between Spain and Portugal.

Jamestown Colony

First permanent English colony in America.
Primarily sought gold and silver.
Experienced early failures.

Plymouth Colony

Founded by Puritans seeking religious freedom.
Separated from the Church of England.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Larger Puritan settlement.
Led by John Winthrop.
Established the "City Upon a Hill" ideal.

John Winthrop

Leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Promoted religious conformity.
Famous for "City Upon a Hill" sermon.

Mayflower Compact

Document signed by colonists on the Mayflower.
Established self-governance.

7 Years' War (French and Indian War)

Conflict between Great Britain and France over territory in North America.

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement emphasizing reason, science, and observation.
Influenced revolutionary ideas.
Key figures included Locke and Voltaire.

First Great Awakening

Religious revival in British America.
Emphasized personal conversion and emotional faith.
Prominent figures included Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield.

Boston Tea Party

Protest by American colonists against British taxes.
Colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor.

Stamp Act

British tax on printed materials.
Colonists opposed it as taxation without representation.

Sugar Act

British tax on sugar and molasses.
part of British efforts to recoup debt from the French and Indian War.

Intolerable Acts/Coercive Acts

Punishments imposed by Britain on Massachusetts after the Boston Tea Party.
Included the Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Quartering Act, and the Administration of Justice Act.

Boston Massacre

Violent confrontation between British soldiers and colonists in Boston.
Soldiers were accused of opening fire on unarmed civilians.

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Groups resisting British policies.
Used forms of pressure, protest and coercion.

Common Sense

Pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for American independence.

Declaration of Independence

Document declaring the American colonies' separation from Britain.
Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson.

Battle of Bunker Hill

Early American victory during the Revolutionary War.
Demonstrated the colonists' ability to fight against British troops..

Battle of Saratoga

Pivotal Revolutionary War victory for the Americans.
Convinced France to formally support American independence.

Battle of Yorktown

Final major battle of the Revolutionary War.
British surrender to the combined American and French forces.

Articles of Confederation

First governing document of the United States.
Created a weak central government.

Republicanism

Political philosophy emphasizing civic virtue, citizen participation, and public good.
Inspired the American Revolution's ideals.

Shay's Rebellion

Uprising of farmers against state governments.
Highlighted the weakness of the Articles of Confederation and the need for a stronger central government.

Quasi War

Undeclared war between the US and France.
Involved naval skirmishes and diplomatic disputes..

War of 1812

Conflict between US and Great Britain.
Caused by issues like British impressment of American sailors and trade restrictions.
Resulted in a strengthening of national pride and further westward expansion.

Market Revolution

Transformation of the US economy during the 19th century.
Shift from agriculture to manufacturing and trade.
Introduction of new technologies like canals, steamboats, and railroads.

Cotton Engine (Gin)

Invention significantly increasing cotton production.
Contributed to the expansion of slavery in the South.

Mechanical Reaper

Invention that automated the harvesting process.
Increased effectiveness and efficiency of agricultural production.

Samuel Morse

Inventor of the telegraph.
Revolutionized communication and business.

Erie Canal

Canal that connected the Hudson River to the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River Valley.
Facilitated trade and transportation.

Lowell Girls

Women who worked in textile mills in Lowell, Massachussetts.
Experienced hard working conditions but opened the door for women work.

Manifest Destiny

Belief that the US had a divine right to expand westward.
Fueled westward expansion and territorial disputes.

Compromise of 1850

Series of laws aimed at resolving issues of slavery in the United States.

Underground Railroad

Network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved people to escape.
Led by abolitionists and allies.

Fugitive Slave Act

Part of the Compromise of 1850.
Allowed for the capture and return of runaway enslaved people.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Law that allowed for popular sovereignty to determine the issue of slavery in new territories.
Led to violence and conflict in Kansas ("Bleeding Kansas").

Dred Scott Decision

Supreme Court ruling that enslaved people were not citizens and could not sue in court.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas.
Focused on the issue of slavery and its expansion.

Election of 1860

Abraham Lincoln's election as president sparked secession of Southern states.
Triggered the beginning of the Civil War.

Emancipation Proclamation

President Lincoln's declaration freeing enslaved people in Confederate states.
Changed the focus of the Civil War.

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln's address honoring the fallen soldiers at Gettysburg.
Emphasized the importance of preserving the nation's ideals.

13th Amendment

Amendment to the US Constitution abolishing slavery.

Radical Republicans

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Test your knowledge on key events and concepts from Colonial America, including the Treaty of Tordesillas, the founding of Jamestown, and the significance of the Mayflower Compact. Additionally, explore the impact of the Enlightenment on revolutionary ideas and society. Perfect for history enthusiasts!