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Questions and Answers
What is the term used to describe solutes that do not have a significant vapour pressure?
What is the term used to describe solutes that do not have a significant vapour pressure?
- Vapour pressure depression
- Solvent particles
- Nonvolatile (correct)
- Mole fraction
Which law describes the relationship between the vapour pressure of a solution and the mole fraction of the solvent particles?
Which law describes the relationship between the vapour pressure of a solution and the mole fraction of the solvent particles?
- Henry's Law
- Dalton's Law
- Raoult's Law (correct)
- Boyle's Law
What is the reason behind the boiling point elevation in a solution with a nonvolatile solute?
What is the reason behind the boiling point elevation in a solution with a nonvolatile solute?
- Decreased vapour pressure
- Decreased temperature
- Addition of solute particles (correct)
- Increase in solvent particles
The change in boiling point temperature of a solution is dependent on which of the following factors?
The change in boiling point temperature of a solution is dependent on which of the following factors?
In the context of boiling point elevation, what must be done after calculating the change in boiling point temperature?
In the context of boiling point elevation, what must be done after calculating the change in boiling point temperature?
What are colligative properties?
What are colligative properties?
What is the mole fraction of a component in a solution?
What is the mole fraction of a component in a solution?
Why is mole fraction considered a useful concentration unit?
Why is mole fraction considered a useful concentration unit?
How can the mole fraction of one substance be calculated if there are only two substances in a mixture?
How can the mole fraction of one substance be calculated if there are only two substances in a mixture?
What does the term 'colligative' mean in the context of colligative properties?
What does the term 'colligative' mean in the context of colligative properties?
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Study Notes
Properties of Solutions
- Properties of solutions are similar to those of their respective pure solvents, as the majority of the solution is the solvent.
- However, some properties of solutions differ from pure solvents in measurable and predictable ways, proportional to the fraction of solute particles.
Colligative Properties
- Colligative properties are related to the number of solute particles, not their identities.
- These properties are a result of the solute particles occupying space in the solution.
Mole Fraction
- Mole fraction (χ) is the number of moles of a component divided by the total number of moles in the sample.
- Mole fraction is always a number between 0 and 1, with no units.
- The sum of the mole fractions of all substances in a mixture equals 1.
Vapour Pressure Depression
- Solutions have a lower vapour pressure than pure solvents, dependent on the fraction of solute particles.
- This is known as vapour pressure depression or lowering.
- Vapour pressure of the solution can be calculated using Raoult's law: Psoln = χsolv * P*solv.
Boiling Point Elevation
- The normal boiling point of a solution is higher than that of the pure solvent.
- This is due to the depressed vapour pressure of the solution.
- The change in boiling point (ΔTb) can be calculated using: ΔTb = m * Kb.
- Kb is the boiling point elevation constant, characteristic of the solvent.
- The boiling point of the solution is calculated by adding the change in boiling point temperature to the boiling point of the pure solvent.
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