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Questions and Answers
What percentage of all proteins in the body is collagen estimated to represent?
How many genes are responsible for encoding the different types of collagen?
What is the approximate length of a collagen molecule?
What is the approximate diameter of fibrils that assemble laterally to form fibres?
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What is the unique feature of the sequence of amino acids in an alpha chain?
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What percentage of total collagen is formed by fibres that provide mechanical strength?
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Which type of collagen is a common component of basement membranes?
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What is the term for the interactions between the polypeptide chains in a collagen molecule?
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What happens to the mechanical strength of collagen fibrils as they aggregate together to form fibres?
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What is the function of Type VII collagen in anchoring fibrils?
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What is the characteristic of FACITS in relation to fibrillar collagens?
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What is the temporary matrix formed by fibronectin used for?
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What is the name of the protein that forms a temporary matrix for epithelial cells to migrate across?
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Which type of collagen is enriched within the amniotic membrane?
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What is the primary function of the supramolecular structure of Type IV and Type VIII collagen in basement membranes?
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What determines the function of different types of fibrillar collagens within the same tissue?
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What is the primary function of adhesive glycoproteins in the ECM?
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What is the composition of elastic fibres in the ECM?
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What is the role of glycoproteins in cell migration?
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What is the function of collagen structures in the ECM?
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What is the role of proteoglycans in the ECM?
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What is the primary function of laminin in the ECM?
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What is the result of disturbed ECM components in wound healing?
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What is the adaptation of ECM products and cells in a tissue related to?
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Study Notes
Collagen Structure and Function
- Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body, representing 25-30% of all proteins.
- There are 29 types of collagen, encoded by more than 40 genes (42 as of 2016).
- Collagen molecules consist of 3 polypeptide chains (alpha chains), each over 1000 amino acids long, with a length of 30 nanometers and a width of 1.3 nanometers.
Supramolecular Structures
- Fibrils: 10-300 nm diameter, assemble into fibers of 2.5-3 microns in size, providing mechanical strength.
- Fibres: 80-90% of total collagen, essential for mechanical strength.
- Anchoring fibrils: essential for anchoring cells to membranes, e.g., epithelial membranes, and contain type VII collagen.
- Network-forming collagen: e.g., type IV and type VIII collagen, found in basement membranes, providing flexibility.
- FACITS (fibre-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices): associate with fibrillar collagens, e.g., type IX and type XII collagen.
Collagen Function
- Provides mechanical strength and flexibility to tissues.
- Essential for cell matrix attachment, cell adhesion, and matrix organization.
- Plays a crucial role in wound healing, e.g., fibronectin forms a temporary matrix for epithelial cells to migrate across.
Other ECM Components
- Glycoproteins (adhesive glycoproteins): e.g., laminin, vitronectin, and thrombospondin, essential for cell matrix attachment and regulation of cell migration.
- Elastic fibers: contain elastin as the amorphous core protein with microfibrils, providing recoil properties.
- Proteoglycans (PGs) and Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs): components of the ECM.
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Description
This quiz covers the assembly of collagen fibrils and fibres, their structures, and functions. It also touches on the mechanical strength and diversity of fibrillar collagens in tissues.
