Collagen and Connective Tissue

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What percentage of the organic substance of bone does collagen constitute?

95%

90% (correct)

70%

80%

What is the primary function of the ground substance in bone?

to regulate bone growth

to serve as a cement substance (correct)

to facilitate bone repair

to provide structural support

Which of the following is NOT a minor inorganic component of bone?

Silicon (correct)

Magnesium

Calcium

Bicarbonate

What type of bone is predominantly found in the diaphysis of long bones?

Compact bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the periosteum?

to provide structural support Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the unit of structure of a compact bone?

Haversian system Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the lenticular cavities that contain osteocytes?

Lacunae Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the osteocytes?

to maintain bone homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of basophils in the body?

To mediate immediate hypersensitivity response Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of basophils under a light microscope?

Coarse, purple/black specific granules Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes?

B-lymphocytes provide humoral immunity, while T-lymphocytes provide cell-mediated immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of natural killer cells?

To destroy infected cells and tumor cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of lymphocytes under a light microscope?

Small size and dense nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of monocytes in the body?

To migrate into tissues and constitute the mononuclear phagocyte system Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of monocytes under a light microscope?

Large size and eccentric nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tissue macrophages?

To mediate the inflammatory response Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fibrous cartilage from other types of cartilage in terms of its appearance?

Arrangement of chondrocytes in rows within thick collagenous fibers Signup and view all the answers

What stage of prenatal hematopoiesis occurs in the liver?

Hepatic Stage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hematopoietic stem cell has limited self-renewal capacity and produces cells of multiple lineages?

Multipotent/Pluripotent HSC Signup and view all the answers

What is the major regulator of erythropoiesis?

Erythropoietin (EPO) Signup and view all the answers

What function does blood convey through cytokines and chemokines?

Soluble regulatory molecule dissemination Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of prenatal hematopoiesis are blood cells first formed?

Mesoblastic/Megaloblastic Stage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is best described as a 'Committed Progenitor' in hematopoiesis?

Undifferentiated cell capable of producing cells of one lineage Signup and view all the answers

What primary processes are involved in hematopoiesis?

Maturation, cell renewal, proliferation, and differentiation Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is characteristic of cartilage?

Chondrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature that distinguishes elastic cartilage from hyaline cartilage?

Abundance of elastic fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage is most commonly found in the human body?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What component makes the fresh hyaline cartilage appear bluish white and translucent?

Moderate amount of collagenous fibrils Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cartilage is the ground substance described as less abundant and slightly acidophilic?

Elastic cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds cartilage and provides its blood and nerve supply?

Perichondrium Signup and view all the answers

Which cell's cytoplasm contains mitochondria, occasional lipid droplets, and variable amounts of glycogen?

Chondrocyte Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage is described as having an abundance of collagenous fibers in its matrix?

Fibrous cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone lamellae is found adjacent to the periosteum?

Outer circumferential Signup and view all the answers

Where are osteocytes haphazardly arranged within a lamellae found?

Epiphysis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone formation does not involve the removal or replacement of cartilage?

Intramembranous ossification Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of growth that increases the circumference of bones?

Appositional Growth Signup and view all the answers