40 Questions
What percentage of the organic substance of bone does collagen constitute?
90%
What is the primary function of the ground substance in bone?
to serve as a cement substance
Which of the following is NOT a minor inorganic component of bone?
Silicon
What type of bone is predominantly found in the diaphysis of long bones?
Compact bone
What is the primary function of the periosteum?
to provide structural support
What is the term for the unit of structure of a compact bone?
Haversian system
What is the term for the lenticular cavities that contain osteocytes?
Lacunae
What is the primary function of the osteocytes?
to maintain bone homeostasis
What is the primary function of basophils in the body?
To mediate immediate hypersensitivity response
What is the characteristic feature of basophils under a light microscope?
Coarse, purple/black specific granules
What is the difference between B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes?
B-lymphocytes provide humoral immunity, while T-lymphocytes provide cell-mediated immunity
What is the function of natural killer cells?
To destroy infected cells and tumor cells
What is the characteristic feature of lymphocytes under a light microscope?
Small size and dense nucleus
What is the function of monocytes in the body?
To migrate into tissues and constitute the mononuclear phagocyte system
What is the characteristic feature of monocytes under a light microscope?
Large size and eccentric nucleus
What is the function of tissue macrophages?
To mediate the inflammatory response
What distinguishes fibrous cartilage from other types of cartilage in terms of its appearance?
Arrangement of chondrocytes in rows within thick collagenous fibers
What stage of prenatal hematopoiesis occurs in the liver?
Hepatic Stage
Which type of hematopoietic stem cell has limited self-renewal capacity and produces cells of multiple lineages?
Multipotent/Pluripotent HSC
What is the major regulator of erythropoiesis?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
What function does blood convey through cytokines and chemokines?
Soluble regulatory molecule dissemination
During which stage of prenatal hematopoiesis are blood cells first formed?
Mesoblastic/Megaloblastic Stage
Which type of cell is best described as a 'Committed Progenitor' in hematopoiesis?
Undifferentiated cell capable of producing cells of one lineage
What primary processes are involved in hematopoiesis?
Maturation, cell renewal, proliferation, and differentiation
Which cell type is characteristic of cartilage?
Chondrocytes
What is the primary feature that distinguishes elastic cartilage from hyaline cartilage?
Abundance of elastic fibers
Which type of cartilage is most commonly found in the human body?
Hyaline cartilage
What component makes the fresh hyaline cartilage appear bluish white and translucent?
Moderate amount of collagenous fibrils
In which type of cartilage is the ground substance described as less abundant and slightly acidophilic?
Elastic cartilage
What surrounds cartilage and provides its blood and nerve supply?
Perichondrium
Which cell's cytoplasm contains mitochondria, occasional lipid droplets, and variable amounts of glycogen?
Chondrocyte
What type of cartilage is described as having an abundance of collagenous fibers in its matrix?
Fibrous cartilage
What type of bone lamellae is found adjacent to the periosteum?
Outer circumferential
Where are osteocytes haphazardly arranged within a lamellae found?
Epiphysis
Which type of bone formation does not involve the removal or replacement of cartilage?
Intramembranous ossification
What is the type of growth that increases the circumference of bones?
Appositional Growth
Which type of connective tissue has a rigid consistency and is less resistant to pressure than bone?
Cartilage
Which area of the bone is trabecular or spongy bone specifically found?
Epiphysis
What type of bone lamellae is located between osteons?
Interstitial
Which is NOT a component of cartilage?
Lamellae
This quiz covers the structure and function of collagen, the organic component of connective tissue, including its synthesis and composition. It also explores the inorganic component and the role of ground substance.
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