Collaboration and Crowdsourcing in Projects
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a numeric variable?

  • isAbsent = false
  • studentName = 'John Doe'
  • isOpen = true
  • age = 15 (correct)

    • What does lossless compression allow for?

  • Exact reconstruction of the original data (correct)
  • Partial reconstruction of the original data
  • Higher storage capacity with complete loss
  • Significant loss of data

    • Which feature was introduced in The Last of Us Part II to enhance accessibility?

  • Multiplayer functionality
  • Faster loading times
  • Customizable subtitles (correct)
  • Enhanced graphics rendering

    • Which of the following is an example of lossless compression?

    <p>ZIP Files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are meaningful variable names important in programming?

    <p>They improve readability and understanding of the code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when data exceeds the storage capacity of its bit representation?

    <p>An overflow error occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of lossy compression?

    <p>It may result in some loss of data or quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would lossy compression be the most appropriate choice?

    <p>Streaming a video online</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about lossless compression is true?

    <p>Data can be perfectly reconstructed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In programming, what would best represent a boolean variable?

    <p>isOpen = false</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of lossy compression?

    <p>It reduces file size by removing insignificant details.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the final value of 'r' in the assignment operations shown: p = 20, q = 30, r = 40, p = q, q = r, r = p?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is necessary for building inclusive technological solutions?

    <p>Diversity in development teams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which file types typically use lossy compression techniques?

    <p>JPEG and MP3 files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest decimal value represented by a 4-bit binary number?

    <p>15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is lossless compression particularly useful?

    <p>In text and code files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary ethical concern regarding the use of Creative Commons licenses?

    <p>They do not eliminate the need for permission to use derived works.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential misuse of data collected by surveillance cameras?

    <p>To track the movements of individuals without legal justification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue is raised by artists regarding streaming platforms like Spotify?

    <p>The revenue distribution is heavily skewed in favor of platforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legal regulation governs how companies can collect and use personal data in Europe?

    <p>The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is there a concern about facial recognition technology as used by companies like Clearview AI?

    <p>It may target marginalized groups without consent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical question arises regarding the financial aspect of the music industry?

    <p>Are streaming platforms fair in their profit-sharing models?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a phishing attack primarily focused on achieving?

    <p>Tricking individuals into giving personal information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a Creative Commons license influence the sharing of creative works?

    <p>It permits authors to impose restrictions on how their work is used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major concern regarding bias in recommendation algorithms?

    <p>They rely solely on user preferences without random sampling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a representation bias concern in video games?

    <p>Lack of diverse character options.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can video games increase accessibility for players with disabilities?

    <p>By integrating features like sign language emotes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of user feedback in program design and development?

    <p>It provides insights from a variety of perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of games criticized for accessibility bias?

    <p>Providing limited subtitle options.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What solution can improve representation in video games?

    <p>Allowing character customization for diverse identities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes crowdsourcing?

    <p>Obtaining information from a large number of people via the Internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a collaborative programming setting, why is communication essential among group members?

    <p>To ensure everyone is aware of project updates and changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a challenge related to geographic bias?

    <p>Rural players often have reduced opportunities to access points of interest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does testing play in the software development process, even with effective collaboration?

    <p>To confirm the program's expected outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of bias and inclusivity in video games, what is one proposed solution to reduce accessibility bias?

    <p>Ensuring design considerations for players with disabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Waze benefit from its users in terms of real-time traffic updates?

    <p>Users share small pieces of information to create an extensive, updated map.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach can help reduce bias in developing facial recognition systems?

    <p>Incorporating feedback from diverse demographic groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using Google Docs for group projects?

    <p>It enables real-time collaboration and feedback among group members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT a function of crowdsourcing in an application like Waze?

    <p>Using a centralized control for traffic updates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is unlikely if group members write code in isolation?

    <p>Improved collaboration among team members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Collaboration and Crowdsourcing

    • Users can provide feedback to inform program design and development, understanding diverse perspectives.
    • Group work can suffer from communication issues if members are isolated.
    • Testing is essential, even with effective collaborators, ensuring expected outcomes.
    • Crowdsourcing gathers input from many people online, improving applications.
    • User contributions can provide real-time traffic updates (e.g., accidents, closures).

    Collaboration Example

    • Scenario: Students collaborated on a presentation using Google Docs.
    • Activities: Real-time writing, feedback comments, tracking contributions.
    • Benefits: Easy collaboration across locations, improved alignment, reduced errors.

    Crowdsourcing Example

    • Scenario: Waze uses crowdsourced traffic updates.
    • User contributions: Accident reporting, road closure details, speed trap warnings.
    • Benefits: Real-time map, detailed traffic information, improvements through community input.
    • Creative Commons: Using someone else's material ethically and legally requires permission, even under licenses.
    • Privacy Concerns: Unauthorized use of personal data can have legal and ethical repercussions.
    • Examples: Facial recognition technology raise concerns about user privacy, consent, and surveillance.

    Bias and Inclusivity

    • Avoiding Bias: Using representative data samples to reduce bias and ensure inclusivity.
    • Addressing Bias: Recognizing representation differences across communities, incorporating diverse perspectives when designing products.
    • Inclusivity Solutions: Examples of inclusive design in video games (character choices, accessibility features) addressing inclusivity issues.

    Variables and Programming Logic

    • Data Types: Numeric variables represent numbers, Booleans represent true/false, strings represent text.
    • Meaningful Variable Names: Using descriptive names for clarity and maintainability.
    • Example Problem (with variables): Calculating values, variables.

    Compression

    • Lossless Compression: Preserves data, offers exact reconstruction.
    • Lossy Compression: Reduces file size but permanently discards some data.

    Data Representation

    • Binary Numbers: Data represented in 0s and 1s, with each bit having a specific power of 2.
    • Overflow: Erroneous output when the range of numbers in binary form is exceeded.
    • Analog Data: Smoothly changing data.
    • Digital Data: Discrete values, measured at specific intervals.

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    AP Midterm Review - 2024 Students PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the concepts of collaboration and crowdsourcing, focusing on their roles in program design and development. It highlights the importance of user feedback, real-time contributions, and communication in group work. Through examples like Google Docs and Waze, you'll learn how collaborative tools and crowdsourcing can enhance project outcomes.

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