Colchicine Usage and Dosage Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of the drug described in the text?

Inhibition of COMT and MAO enzymes

Stimulation of β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors (correct)

Promotion of glycogenolysis and lipolysis

Constriction of blood vessels in the ciliary body

Which of the following is NOT a reported use of the drug?

Alleviation of dyspnea in asthma

Reduction of intraocular pressure in glaucoma

Management of cardiac arrest (correct)

Treatment of bronchospasm

What is the effect of the drug on glycemia?

Decrease in glycogenolysis and glucagon release

Decrease in glycogenolysis and insulin release

Increase in glycogenolysis and glucagon release (correct)

Increase in glycogenolysis and insulin release

Which of the following adverse effects of the drug is NOT mentioned in the text?

Orthostatic hypotension (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the drug's metabolism by COMT and MAO?

It leads to the production of metanephrine and vanillylmandelic acid, which are excreted in the urine. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the drug interact with β-blockers?

Only the α-adrenergic effects of the drug persist, leading to increased blood pressure. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale for the use of the drug in local anesthesia?

The drug's vasoconstrictor effect prolongs the duration of the local anesthetic. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do local anesthetic agents in C-Cocaine act in the synaptic space?

Blocking Na/K activated ATPase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of C-Cocaine on blood pressure?

Raises blood pressure by acting as an alpha agonist and beta stimulant (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine from catecholamines in terms of metabolic processing?

They are both poorly metabolized by MAO & COMT (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which group of agonists causes the release of NE and activates adrenergic receptors on the postsynaptic membrane?

Mixed Action Adrenergic Agonists (A) Signup and view all the answers

How are Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine eliminated from the body?

Through urine without significant change (D) Signup and view all the answers

What makes Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine different from catecholamines in terms of substrate specificity?

They are poorly substrates for MAO & COMT (C) Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Ephedrine from Pseudoephedrine regarding CNS effects?

Pseudoephedrine has fewer CNS effects than Ephedrine (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding colchicine use is incorrect?

Colchicine is the preferred first-line treatment for acute gout attacks. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial intravenous dose of colchicine for an acute gout attack?

2 mg diluted in 10-20 mL normal saline (A) Signup and view all the answers

If a patient receives a full intravenous course of colchicine for an acute gout attack, how long should they avoid taking colchicine by any route?

7 days (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the use of corticosteroids for acute gout attacks is correct?

Corticosteroids are primarily reserved for patients with a contraindication or unresponsive to NSAID or colchicine therapy. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the oral administration of colchicine for an acute gout attack is correct?

The initial dose should be 1 mg, followed by 0.5 mg every hour until symptoms subside or a total dose of 8 mg is reached. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the administration of colchicine is incorrect?

Colchicine can be safely used in patients with severe renal impairment without dose adjustment. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum recommended total intravenous dose of colchicine for an acute gout attack?

4 mg (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of edrophonium?

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of excessive edrophonium administration?

Cholinergic crisis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote for cholinergic crisis induced by edrophonium overdose?

Atropine (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is structurally related to neostigmine and shares similar actions and side effects?

Demecarium (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary indication for the use of demecarium?

Treatment of Alzheimer's disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is the first cholinesterase inhibitor approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?

Tacrine (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect associated with cholinesterase inhibitors used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?

Gastrointestinal distress (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding irreversible anticholinesterase compounds is NOT correct?

They can be safely used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of neuromuscular disorders (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about echothiophate is correct?

It is an irreversible anticholinesterase compound (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding cholinesterase inhibitors used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is correct?

They can delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is the drug of choice for emergency lowering of IOP (intraocular pressure) in both open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma?

Physostigmine (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is used to promote salivation in xerostomia (dry mouth) resulting from head and neck radiation and Sjögren's syndrome?

Pilocarpine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as those used to treat Alzheimer's disease?

Reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, leading to an accumulation of acetylcholine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary therapeutic action of physostigmine in the body?

Lowering of intraocular pressure through miosis and spasm of accommodation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of action of physostigmine?

2-4 hours (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary side effect of pilocarpine that is related to its central nervous system (CNS) activity?

Disturbance in the CNS (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of cevimeline, another non-specific cholinergic agent like pilocarpine?

Stimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Drug Mechanisms and Effects

The drug's primary mechanism of action involves interaction with adrenergic receptors and modulating neurotransmitter release.
Glycemia effects may include lowering blood sugar levels, depending on the drug's action and patient context.
C-Cocaine acts in the synaptic space by inhibiting the reuptake of neurotransmitters, prolonging their effects.

Drug Uses and Interactions

Reported uses of the drug include local anesthesia but may not encompass all potential applications.
The drug interacts with β-blockers, potentially leading to altered cardiovascular responses.
Local anesthetics like C-Cocaine provide analgesia by blocking nerve impulse transmission.

Hemodynamic Effects

C-Cocaine can lead to an increase in blood pressure due to its stimulant properties and effects on norepinephrine release.

Metabolic Processing of Drugs

Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine are metabolized differently than catecholamines, allowing for longer durations of action and less rapid degradation.
These agents cause norepinephrine release, activating peripheral adrenergic receptors.

Elimination and CNS Effects of Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine

Both drugs undergo renal elimination, affecting their overall duration of action in the body.
Pseudoephedrine has fewer central nervous system effects compared to Ephedrine, making it a preferred choice for certain patients.

Colchicine and Gout Treatment

The initial intravenous dose of colchicine for acute gout attacks is recommended at a specific, effective dose to reduce pain and inflammation.
A full intravenous course of colchicine should be followed by a significant avoidance period before readministration to prevent toxicity.
Corticosteroids are effective for acute gout attacks, particularly in patients unable to take colchicine.

Cholinergic Agents and Their Effects

The primary mechanism of edrophonium involves acetylcholinesterase inhibition, increasing acetylcholine levels at the neuromuscular junction.
Excessive edrophonium administration can lead to cholinergic crisis, with symptoms like muscle twitching and respiratory distress.
Atropine serves as an antidote for cholinergic crisis caused by edrophonium overdose.

Specific Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Demecarium has limited primary indications, differentiating it from other cholinesterase inhibitors.
Donepezil is the first cholinesterase inhibitor approved for Alzheimer's disease treatment, targeting cognitive function.
Common side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors include gastrointestinal disturbances and increased salivation.

Irreversible Anticholinesterase Compounds

Correct statements regarding irreversible anticholinesterase compounds indicate their long-lasting effects on neurotransmission.

Ocular and Salivary Therapies

The drug of choice for emergency lowering of intraocular pressure in glaucoma episodes is an established topical agent.
Pilocarpine is utilized to promote salivation, particularly in xerostomia due to radiation exposure or autoimmune conditions.
The primary mechanism of action of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease revolves around enhancing cholinergic transmission.

Duration of Action of Cholinergic Agents

Physostigmine's duration of action is noted, reflecting its clinical application in managing poisoning or cognitive impairment.
The primary side effect of pilocarpine linked to CNS activity includes excessive salivation and potential CNS stimulation.

CeviMeline Mechanism of Action

Cevimeline operates via non-specific cholinergic mechanisms, enhancing secretory function in exocrine glands.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the appropriate usage and dosage of colchicine, including its contraindications with macrolide antibiotics. Learn about the recommended dosing regimen and when to use colchicine for gout treatment.