Cohen Review Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is basal cell carcinoma?

A type of skin cancer with a high cure rate that requires surgical removal.

What is the first line of treatment for acne?

Oral antibiotics

Topical treatments (correct)

Accutane (tretinoin)

None of the above

What is the Rule of Nines used for?

A method to assess the percentage of body surface area burned.

In the pediatric Rule of Nines, what percentage does each lower extremity account for?

14% Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for a 1st degree burn?

Burn gel/cream. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a 2nd degree burn?

Blistering and partial thickness damage. Signup and view all the answers

What is a 3rd degree burn?

Full thickness damage through skin into nerves and muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What are signs of arterial PVD?

Cold legs, claudication, no/weak pulse, round smooth sores. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern with venous insufficiency?

Impairment of venous return and potential for skin ulcers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the priority for PVD patients?

Smoking cessation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Hep B vaccine schedule?

First at time 0, second after 1-2 months, third after 4-6 months. Signup and view all the answers

What does DTaP stand for?

Diphtheria, Tetanus, acellular Pertussis. Signup and view all the answers

When is Tdap given?

After age 7; every pregnancy. Signup and view all the answers

The Td vaccine is a booster given at ___ years if at least 5 years have passed since the last dose.

11-12 Signup and view all the answers

What is MMR?

Measles, mumps, rubella. Signup and view all the answers

The HPV vaccine is given in ___ doses starting at age 9.

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for mastitis?

Continue breastfeeding and treat with cephalosporin. Signup and view all the answers

When does an ectopic pregnancy typically occur?

Week 8-10. Signup and view all the answers

What is the healthy weight gain in pregnancy?

25 lbs. Signup and view all the answers

When is alpha-fetoprotein tested?

15-20 weeks. Signup and view all the answers

When does Group B strep screening occur during pregnancy?

35-37 weeks gestation. Signup and view all the answers

What is Wilm's tumor?

A malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood that does not cross the midline. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes sickle cell disease?

Abnormal hemoglobin and sickle-shaped red blood cells. Signup and view all the answers

What are febrile seizures?

Seizures resulting from sudden high fevers, particularly in children. Signup and view all the answers

When does the posterior fontanel close?

6-8 weeks. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following fontanels with their closure times:

Anterior fontanel = 18 months Posterior fontanel = 6-8 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What does a white or absent red reflex indicate?

Retinoblastoma. Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperbilirubinemia?

Condition characterized by excessive bilirubin in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

What does giant cell arteritis involve?

Temporal arteritis, headaches, scalp tenderness, vision problems. Signup and view all the answers

What are Cullen's signs?

Umbilical hematoma indicating intraperitoneal hemorrhage. Signup and view all the answers

What does Tuner's sign indicate?

Severe acute pancreatitis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the screening test for syphilis?

RPR or VDRL Signup and view all the answers

What are HPV-related warts?

Warts caused by the human papillomavirus. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes trichomoniasis?

Green, frothy discharge. Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs of bacterial vaginosis?

Clue cells and fishy odor. Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for penile lesions related to syphilis?

Penicillin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for gonorrhea?

Rocephin 250 IM and azithromycin 1G PO. Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for chlamydia?

Azithromycin. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Common skin cancer with a high cure rate through surgical removal.

Acne Treatment

First-line treatment: topical therapies.
Second-line: oral antibiotics, specifically erythromycin.
Third-line: Accutane (tretinoin) for severe cases.

Burns Rule of Nines (Adults)

Head and neck: 9%
Each upper extremity: 9%
Each lower extremity: 9%
Anterior trunk: 18%
Posterior trunk: 18%
Genital area: 1%

Burns Rule of Nines (Pediatric)

Head: 18%
Each upper extremity: 9%
Each lower extremity: 14%
Anterior trunk: 18%
Posterior trunk: 18%

Burn Degrees and Treatments

1st Degree Burn: Redness; treated with burn gel or cream.
2nd Degree Burn: Blistering, partial thickness; treated with Silvadene.
3rd Degree Burn: Full thickness; damaging skin, nerves, and muscles; no pain sensation; requires emergency department referral.

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) - Arterial

Insufficient oxygenated blood to extremities resulting in cold legs and claudication (pain while walking).
Symptoms: weak or absent pulse, rounded smooth sores typically on toes and feet.

Venous Insufficiency

Inadequate venous valve function leading to reduced blood return from lower limbs.
Often presents with edema and skin ulcers, especially around the ankles.

PVD Priority Management

Essential to initiate smoking cessation for better outcomes.

Hepatitis B Vaccine Schedule

First dose at time of initial visit.
Second dose: 1-2 months after the first.
Third dose: 4-6 months after the second.
Safe for pregnant women.

DTaP Vaccine

Protects against Diphtheria, Tetanus, and acellular Pertussis; requires 4 doses by toddlerhood, with a 5th by age 6.
Caution in children with seizure history; Tdap is a booster for those 10 and older.

Tdap Vaccine

Administered after age 7 and given to pregnant women in every pregnancy.
Only need to receive it once in a lifetime.

Td Vaccine

Booster recommended at age 11-12 if 5 years have passed since the last dose.
Subsequent boosters every 10 years.
Can be given to unvaccinated children starting at age 7 and adults through IM injection.

MMR Vaccine

Protects against measles, mumps, and rubella; administered at 12 months of age as a live vaccine.

HPV Vaccine

Two doses starting at age 9; if the first dose is delayed, three doses are required.

Mastitis Management

Breastfeeding should continue; treated with cephalosporin.

Ectopic Pregnancy

Typically diagnosed around weeks 8-10 of gestation.

Healthy Pregnancy Weight Gain

Recommended weight gain is approximately 25 lbs.

Alpha-Fetoprotein Testing

Conducted between the 15th and 20th weeks of pregnancy.

Group B Strep Screening

Performed between 35-37 weeks of gestation; positive results mandate treatment.

Wilms' Tumor

A malignant kidney tumor in children that typically does not cross the midline.

Sickle Cell Disease

A genetic condition causing abnormal hemoglobin in red blood cells, leading to a sickle shape; treatment focuses on hydration.

Febrile Seizures

Occur in children due to sudden high fevers; managed with antipyretics.

Fontanelles Development

Posterior fontanel closes by 6-8 weeks.
Anterior fontanel closes by 18 months.

Red Reflex Examination

An absent or white reflex can indicate retinoblastoma.

Giant Cell Arteritis

Presents with headache, scalp tenderness, and vision issues; treated with long-term steroids for minimum 6 months to prevent blindness.

Cullen's Sign

Indicates an umbilical hematoma suggesting intraperitoneal hemorrhage.

Turner’s Sign

Flank ecchymosis indicating severe acute pancreatitis.

Syphilis Screening Tests

RPR or VDRL used; if positive, confirm with FTA-ABS.

HPV Characteristics

Associated with warts.

Trichomoniasis

Identified by green, frothy discharge; diagnosis through wet smear demonstrating hyphae and spores; treated with metronidazole.

Bacterial Vaginosis

Characterized by clue cells and fishy odor; treatment includes metronidazole.

Penile Lesions Treatment for Syphilis

Treated with penicillin.

Gonorrhea Treatment

Managed with Rocephin 250 mg IM and Azithromycin 1G PO (to co-treat chlamydia).

Chlamydia Treatment

Typically treated with Azithromycin.

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Description

Test your knowledge on dermatology topics with these flashcards focusing on basal cell carcinoma, acne treatment, and burns. Each card provides essential definitions and treatment guidelines that are crucial for clinical practice. Ideal for students and professionals in the medical field.