32 Questions
What was the focus of Caroline Gattrell's research in 'Hard Labour: The Sociology of Parenthood'?
The experiences of parents trying to balance parenthood with paid work
What was a common difficulty faced by the women in the study after giving birth?
Returning to demanding jobs soon after childbirth
According to Gattrell's research, why did most of the women want to continue working?
Commitment to their work and self-identity
How did the struggle to balance work and parenthood impact the women's relationships?
Put strain on the relationship due to lack of time for partners
What was a significant challenge faced by new parents according to Gattrell's research?
Feeling unprepared for the changes in their lives
What kind of discrimination did almost all mothers face at work due to motherhood?
Discrimination related to being mothers
What impact does increasing life expectancy in modern societies have on marriages?
It places greater strain on relationships and increases the chances of divorce.
What is the difference between romantic love and confluent love in a marriage?
Romantic love is unconditional, but if one partner 'falls out of love' there is nothing to hold the marriage together, while in confluent love, it is not unconditional.
Why do people who divorce often remarry according to the text?
Because they seek personal happiness and fulfillment.
What are divorcees unhappy with, according to the text?
The person they married.
What ultimately leads to divorce, as per the text?
Unfulfilled expectations in the marriage.
How are contemporary ideas about marriage influenced, according to the text?
By romantic identity (individualism).
What is the primary reason for the overall decline in marriage rates in modern industrial societies?
The growing number of people choosing not to marry at all
What was the main cause of the 'baby boom' and subsequent increase in marriages in the 1950s and 1970s-80s?
Delayed family formation during the Second World War
How has the rise in cohabitation as an alternative to marriage affected marriage statistics?
It has resulted in more people delaying marriage until later in life
What is the relationship between female financial, career and personal independence and the declining marriage rates?
Greater independence has made marriage less of a necessity and more of a 'lifestyle choice' for women
How has secularization affected the significance and meaning of marriage in modern societies?
It has reduced the stigma associated with having children outside of marriage
What is the main reason for the rise in serial monogamy (having multiple marriage partners over a lifetime)?
The declining stigma attached to divorce in modern societies
How has the aging population in industrial societies affected marriage statistics?
It has led to a decline in the number of people in the marriageable age range
What is the primary demographic explanation for the fluctuations in marriage rates over the past few decades?
All of the above demographic factors contributed to the changes in marriage rates
How has the increased risk-assessment behavior of individuals in postmodern societies affected marriage trends?
It has caused people to be more cautious about entering into marriage
What is the relationship between remarriages and the overall marriage rate in modern industrial societies?
Remarriages peaked in the 1980s and have since slowly declined, but as a percentage of all marriages, remarriage has doubled in the past 50 years
What is one of the causes of the increase in cohabitation mentioned in the text?
The reduced stigma attached to living together without marriage
Why might some individuals engage in serial cohabitation according to Smart and Stevens (2000)?
To prove that they are suitable for marriage
What is referred to as an empty shell marriage in the text?
A marriage where the couple continues to live together despite the relationship being effectively over
What trend has been observed in divorce rates since the turn of the 21st century?
A gradual decline in divorce rates
How has the age of divorced individuals changed over time?
Divorced people are now older compared to before
What factor has significantly influenced patterns of divorce according to the text?
Secularisation and changing views on marriage
What was a requirement for divorce before the 1969 Divorce Reform Act in the UK?
'Finding fault' such as adultery with the partner
What impact do changes to divorce rules have on divorce rates according to the text?
'Each time divorce is made easier or cheaper, the number of divorces increases'
What does secularisation refer to in the context of marriage and divorce?
'Many couples no longer regard marriage as a 'sacred institution''
'Re-divorces' doubling since 1981 reflects what trend according to the text?
'Re-divorces' showing an increase in remarriages after divorces
Learn about the consequences of divorce and how it can influence the decision of not marrying. Explore the concept of cohabitation and its historical background, as well as the challenges in obtaining reliable statistics on cohabitation in the UK.
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