Cognitive & Visual Perception Skills

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Questions and Answers

Cognitive skills refers to ability to gain meaning & knowledge from ______?

  • imagination & creativity
  • experience & information (correct)
  • reading & writing

What is the first visual perceptual skill to develop?

  • Visual Discrimination (correct)
  • Visual Spatial Relationships
  • Visual Memory

Visual memory is the ability to ______?

  • store and retrieve previously experienced visual information (correct)
  • make sense of what the eyes see
  • see in the dark

Visual Sequential Memory is the ability to ______?

<p>remember and reproduce a sequence of words, symbols, or sentences in the correct order (A)</p>
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Visual Spatial Relationships is the ability to ______?

<p>understand directional concepts (B)</p>
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Visual form constancy is the ability to ______?

<p>recognize, name, match, and remember objects or symbols by their details and characteristics (A)</p>
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Visual closure is the ability to ______?

<p>recognize a complete feature from fragmented information (C)</p>
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Visual figure ground is the ability to ______?

<p>distinguish an object from an irrelevant background (A)</p>
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The Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS-2) measures a child's ability to use his visual-perceptual skills to perform complex eye-hand coordination tasks.

<p>True (A)</p>
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The Carolina Curriculum primarily focuses on children with special needs from the age of 12-month old and up.

<p>False (B)</p>
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The Beery Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI) is used to assess a child's visual perceptual skills and motor coordination.

<p>True (A)</p>
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Non-Standardized Assessments are less reliable than standardized assessments.

<p>True (A)</p>
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What are the different types of assessment tools used to evaluate cognitive and visual perceptual skills?

<p>There are two main types of assessments: Standardized Assessments and Non-Standardized Assessments.</p>
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What are some examples of intervention activities that can be used to address cognitive and visual perceptual skill challenges?

<p>Intervention activities can include a wide range of activities such as Sorting &amp; Matching, Puzzles, Block building, Fine Motor Activities (like drawing, cutting with scissors, and writing), and copying shapes.</p>
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Flashcards

Cognitive Skills

The ability to gain meaning and knowledge from experiences and information. It encompasses both basic and higher-level skills.

Basic Cognitive Skills

Basic skills that are essential for learning, such as orientation, attention, memory, following instructions, and initiation.

Higher Level Cognitive Skills

More complex skills that are involved in higher-level thinking, such as planning, sequencing, reasoning, and problem-solving.

Visual Perception

The brain's ability to make sense of what the eyes see. It's not the same as visual acuity (how clearly you see).

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Visual Discrimination

The ability to distinguish between different visual features, such as colors, shapes, and sizes. It helps us identify similarities or differences in objects.

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Visual Memory

The ability to store and recall visual information. It's essential for learning, as we learn through visual experiences.

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Visual Sequential Memory

The ability to remember and reproduce a sequence of visual information in the correct order. This skill is critical for reading and writing.

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Visual Spatial Relationships

The ability to understand directional concepts and how objects are positioned in space. It helps us understand words like "above", "below", "in front", and "behind."

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Visual Form Constancy

The ability to recognize an object or symbol, even if it's presented in a different size, orientation, or color. It helps us recognize the same object in different contexts.

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Visual Closure

The ability to recognize a complete picture, even if it's only partially presented. It helps us fill in the missing information.

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Visual Figure Ground

The ability to distinguish an object from the background. It helps us focus on the relevant visual information and ignore distractions.

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Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS-2)

A standardized assessment tool that measures a child's ability to use their visual-perceptual skills to perform complex eye-hand coordination tasks. It includes tasks like reaching, grasping, building with blocks, and copying designs.

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Beery Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI)

A standardized assessment tool that measures a child's visual-motor integration skills, which involve using vision and hand movements together.

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The Carolina Curriculum

A curriculum designed for children with special needs, which includes activities that focus on various developmental areas, including attention, memory, visual perception, concepts, problem-solving, and visual-motor integration.

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Attention & Memory Subtest in Carolina Curriculum

A subtest within the Carolina Curriculum that assesses a child's ability to attend to visual stimuli, remember them, and act based on their memory.

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Concepts & Imitations Subtest in Carolina Curriculum

A subtest within the Carolina Curriculum that assesses a child's understanding of concepts and their ability to imitate simple actions.

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Visual Perceptual Skills: Matching & Sorting Subtest in Carolina Curriculum

A subtest within the Carolina Curriculum that assesses a child's visual-perceptual skills, specifically their ability to match and sort objects based on different criteria.

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Visual Perceptual Skills: Blocks & Puzzles Subtest in Carolina Curriculum

A subtest within the Carolina Curriculum that assesses a child's visual-perceptual skills involving blocks and puzzles.

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Problem Solving & Reasoning Subtest in Carolina Curriculum

A subtest within the Carolina Curriculum that assesses a child's ability to solve problems, reason, and apply logic.

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Visual Motor Integration Subtest in Carolina Curriculum

A subtest within the Carolina Curriculum that assesses a child's visual motor integration skills, involving the coordinated use of vision and hand movements.

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Visual Fixation

The ability to visually fixate on an object for a certain period.

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Visual Tracking

The ability to follow a moving object with the eyes.

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Object Recognition

The ability to recognize familiar objects, people, and places.

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Object Retrieval

The ability to retrieve objects from their usual locations.

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Rhyme/Song Actions

The ability to perform actions related to familiar rhymes or songs.

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Object/Picture Identification

The ability to identify an object or picture after seeing it briefly.

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Object/Picture Matching

The ability to match objects or pictures based on their characteristics or categories.

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Shape Sorting

The ability to place shapes into a form board, shape sorter, or other designated slots.

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Puzzle Assembly

The ability to assemble puzzles with increasing complexity.

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Block Building

The ability to build structures with blocks, following instructions or imitating models.

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Pattern Completion

The ability to complete sequences of colors, shapes, or patterns.

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Missing Parts Identification

The ability to identify missing parts in pictures or objects.

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Opposites Identification

The ability to identify opposites of objects, words, or concepts.

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Story Sequencing

The ability to sequence the steps of a story or event in the correct order.

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Imagination & Prediction

The ability to imagine and describe what may happen next in a story or situation.

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Draw a Person Test

The ability to draw a person with age-appropriate features.

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Study Notes

Cognitive & Visual Perceptual Skills

  • Cognitive skills are the ability to understand information and experiences. Basic cognitive skills include orientation, attention, memory, following instructions, and initiation. Higher-level skills include planning, sequencing, reasoning, and problem-solving.

  • Visual perception is how the brain interprets what the eyes see. It's different from visual acuity. Visual perception is essential for age-appropriate play, self-care, and academic skills like reading and math.

Visual Perception Subcategories

  • Visual discrimination is the ability to distinguish between different shapes, colors, sizes, letters, and numbers by recognizing differences or similarities. It supports skills like matching, sorting objects by shape and color, and accurate word recognition. Deficits cause problems with left/right discrimination.

  • Visual memory is the ability to remember and recall visual information when the stimulus is gone. This skill is crucial for learning, as up to 80% of learning is visual.

  • Visual sequential memory is the ability to recall words, symbols, or sentences in the proper order. This skill is critical for reading and spelling.

  • Visual spatial relationships are understanding directional concepts in space. Children with deficits may have trouble with spatial relationships like above/below, front/back, right/left, in/out, which can impact academic tasks.

  • Visual form constancy is recognizing a shape or form remains the same regardless of size, orientation, color, or dimension. Children needing this skill may struggle with recognizing letters, numbers or symbols in different contexts.

  • Visual closure involves recognizing a complete object from fragmented information or a partial picture. This is essential for reading and spelling fluency.

  • Visual figure-ground is distinguishing an object from its background, recognizing figures embedded within a larger scene. It helps with concentration, attention, and organized behavior and is connected to ignoring irrelevant information.

Assessment Tools & Curriculum

  • Standardized assessment tools include the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS-2), Beery Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration, and others.

  • The Carolina Curriculum is focused on children with special needs, with components for attention and memory, concepts and imitation, visual perceptual skills (matching, sorting), visual perceptual skills (blocks and puzzles), problem solving, and reasoning, and visual-motor integration.

  • Intervention activities are designed to support these skills. They can include visual tasks such as matching, sorting, puzzles, and block building.

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