30 Questions
What is the main emphasis of Constructivism in learning?
Actively building understanding by learners
According to Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, how do individuals understand and know objects?
By acting on the object and transforming it
What is a 'schema' in the context of Constructivism?
Categories holding pre-conceived ideas about the world
How does 'Assimilation' relate to learning according to Constructivism?
Fitting new ideas into existing schemas
Which of the following best describes how learners interact with new information in Constructivism?
Modifying existing schemas to incorporate new ideas
According to Psychological Constructivism, how do individuals acquire knowledge about objects?
By modifying and transforming the objects through interaction
What event marked the transition from behaviorism to cognitive psychology?
The Cognitive Revolution
Which mental processes were of interest in the 1950s that led to the cognitive revolution?
Thinking, problem solving, language, and information storage
Who are some ancient philosophers mentioned as having roots in cognitive theory?
Plato & Descartes
What does the term 'cognition' encompass?
All forms of knowing and awareness
Which of the following is NOT a cognitive process mentioned in the text?
Feeling
What do cognitive developmental theories aim to explain?
Mechanisms underlying growth and maturation of thinking processes
What is metacognitive knowledge primarily about?
Understanding a task and oneself as a learner
Which of the following best represents metacognitive experience?
Feeling confident about a task
Which cognitive skill involves identifying a problem and taking action to find a solution?
Problem solving
What distinguishes metacognitive skills from metacognitive knowledge?
Deliberate application of strategies
Why are positive or negative feelings towards a task considered part of metacognitive experience?
Because they influence learning outcomes
In what way does metacognitive knowledge differ from metacognitive skills?
Metacognitive knowledge is about what you know, while skills involve deliberate strategy application.
What is the term for when a child's schemas can deal with most new information through assimilation?
Equilibration
According to Piaget, what is altered when existing schema does not work and needs to be changed to deal with new objects or situations?
Formal operational Stage
Which stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development occurs between the ages of 2 and 7 years?
Sensorimotor Stage
According to Vygotsky, what theory emphasizes that learning and cognition are situated?
Equilibration
Which of the following occurs when a child applies previous knowledge to deal with new information?
Social Constructivism
In Vygotsky's theory, what appears first on the social level before occurring on the individual level inside the child?
Every function in a child's cultural development
What is a key aspect of learning goals according to Driscoll (2005)?
Critical thinking
According to Prawat (1992), what does constructivist theory entail?
Putting students' efforts at the center of education
In a constructivist classroom, how can teachers encourage meaningful learning according to Windschitl (2002)?
Engaging students in discussions about their ideas
What does student ownership of learning not mean according to the text?
The teacher abandons responsibility for instruction
How can teachers make their own thinking visible to students in a constructivist classroom?
Through discussions, writing, or drawings
What is a recommended way to foster students' reflective and independent thinking in a constructivist classroom?
Considering diverse perspectives and conditions
Learn about the cognitive revolution in psychology which marked a shift from behaviorism to a focus on mental processes like thinking, problem solving, and language. Explore the origins and components of the cognitive learning model.
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