Cognitive Psychology Session 7 Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

  • Social interactions and relationships
  • Behavioral responses to stimuli
  • Emotional reactions and feelings
  • Computation and information processing (correct)

    • Which critique did Chomsky make against behaviorism?

  • Insufficient empirical data on motor learning
  • Lack of attention to emotional aspects
  • Overemphasis on computational models
  • Poverty of the stimulus argument in language (correct)

    • Who introduced information-processing principles to the study of attention?

  • Miller (correct)
  • Neisser
  • Spear
  • Lashley

    • What aspect of psychology began to receive increased attention at the end of the 20th century?

    <p>Affect and emotional aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lashley critique in behaviorism?

    <p>Its empirical basis and applicability to motor learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event marked the beginning of cognitive psychology as a field?

    <p>The Hixon Symposium in 1948</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following individuals is known for significant contributions to the field of neurophysiology at the Hixon Symposium?

    <p>Karl Lashley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Hixon Symposium participants view behavioral theories?

    <p>They criticized them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of the paper published by Karl Lashley in 1951?

    <p>To investigate the effects of cortical lesions on trained rats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did the Hixon Symposium propose is analogous between the mind and machines?

    <p>Information processing and logical devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the simplified models of the brain used in neural networks?

    <p>Units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual at the Hixon Symposium contributed to the field of mathematics and computer science?

    <p>Warren McCulloch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In neural networks, what do weights measure?

    <p>The strength of connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major theme was emphasized during the cognitive revolution?

    <p>The processing of information in the mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following skills have neural network experiments demonstrated an ability to learn?

    <p>Face recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perspective is not typically associated with cognitive psychology?

    <p>Behaviorist perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Connectionism offer as an alternative to?

    <p>Innate grammatical principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who expressed dissatisfaction with strict behaviorism, leading to the creation of the Center for Cognitive Studies?

    <p>George Miller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original name of the group at Bow Street formed by Jerome Bruner's team?

    <p>Cognition Project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Chomsky argue about the role of reinforcement in language learning?

    <p>Language learning does not depend significantly on reinforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of psychology did George Miller emphasize was affected by the cognitive counter-revolution?

    <p>Experimental psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do children typically demonstrate an almost limitless capacity to understand and produce novel sentences?

    <p>By the age of four or five.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach did experimentalists in the US strongly support during the time of the cognitive counter-revolution?

    <p>Behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of Chomsky's more recent views on grammar?

    <p>Computational recursion is the only feature of grammar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Connectionism seek to explain?

    <p>Intellectual abilities using artificial neural networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts is associated with Chomsky's theory of Universal Grammar?

    <p>Grammar principles are uniform across all languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the statement about children not needing explicit teaching imply about language acquisition?

    <p>Language learning may be governed by innate structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Chomsky's argument about behaviorism indicate regarding language learning?

    <p>Behaviorism fails to account for the complexity of language acquisition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of language does Connectionism specifically utilize?

    <p>Artificial neural networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Claude Shannon primarily focus on in his work?

    <p>The mathematical definition of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect did Allen Newell contribute to artificial intelligence?

    <p>General problem solver programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Marvin Minsky best known for in the field of artificial intelligence?

    <p>Exploring artificial neural networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critique did Noam Chomsky present against behaviorism?

    <p>It fails to account for rapid language acquisition in children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Chomsky propose related to language learning?

    <p>Universal Grammar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon relates to children's rapid acquisition of language?

    <p>Lexical explosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following researchers emphasized the role of biological neural networks in computer systems?

    <p>Marvin Minsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is most relevant to Herbert Simon's contributions?

    <p>He worked on problem-solving systems for computers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Marr's three-level view of information processing systems emphasize?

    <p>Neural activity implementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major assertion did the cognitive revolution introduce regarding cognition?

    <p>Cognition is a form of computation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been observed about the field of cognitive science over time?

    <p>It has been largely subsumed by cognitive psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to historical perspectives, how are psychology's revolutions characterized?

    <p>They represent continuous progress without revolutionary changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of cognitive science's evolution raises concerns about its future?

    <p>Absence of curricular consensus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main critique regarding the narrative of revolutions in experimental psychology?

    <p>It simplifies the evolution of ideas to mere periods of stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the cognitive revolution in psychology?

    <p>Recognition of cognition as a computational process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is understood about the relationship between cognitive science and psychology based on recent findings?

    <p>Psychology has dominated the field of cognitive science in recent years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cognitive Psychology Session 7 Overview

    • The session covered the history of cognitive psychology, focusing on key figures, ideas, perspectives, and the "cognitive revolution"
    • Learning objectives included identifying key figures and ideas leading to cognitive psychology's emergence, discussing tensions between nativist and associationist perspectives, and exploring the impact of the "cognitive revolution."
    • The 1948 Hixon Symposium is a landmark event, marking a period focused on parallels between the mind and machines and drawing critiques to behavioral theories
    • Key figures from the 1948 Hixon Symposium include Karl Lashley (zoologist/psychologist), Warren McCulloch (neurophysiologist), and John von Neumann (mathematician)
    • 1956 Dartmouth Workshop is considered a seminal event in artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology. Key figures included Claude Shannon, Allen Newell, Herbert Simon, Marvin Minsky and Oliver Selfridge.
    • Noam Chomsky's work on the innate nature of language and Universal Grammar impacted behaviorist theory
    • Cognitive psychology was influenced by information-processing diagrams, which depicted mental processes as boxes and arrows representing information flow. Broadbent's filter model of attention exemplifies this.
    • The Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies (1960) played a critical role in the cognitive revolution, championed by figures such as George Miller and Jerome Bruner.
    • Early work by George Miller explored memory capacity with his famous "7 plus or minus 2" finding
    • Connectionism, also known as parallel distributed processing, represented a significant alternative to the prevailing models.
    • Marr's levels of analysis (computational, algorithmic, and implementational) provided a framework for understanding information processing
    • The evolution of the field of cognitive science and important texts about the cognitive revolution by Howard Gardner were discussed.
    • The session concluded by questioning topics in the history and future of psychology that were omitted
    • A study of the prevalence of different schools of thought in psychology (as shown in journal articles in PsycINFO) and the impact of these historical factors over time was presented.

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    History of Psychology: Cognitive Psychology PDF

    Description

    Explore the key figures and events that shaped cognitive psychology in Session 7. This quiz covers the cognitive revolution, significant symposiums, and the debate between nativist and associationist perspectives. Dive into the contributions of influential thinkers like Noam Chomsky and the impact of major workshops in the field.

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