Cognitive Psychology Working Memory Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the typical capacity of visual working memory as identified in Luck & Vogel's study?

5-6 items

3-4 items (correct)

7-8 items

1-2 items

How long does iconic memory typically last according to the findings discussed?

Up to a minute

Less than a second

Several seconds

About one second (correct)

During the whole report condition, what range of characters could subjects typically recall?

1-2 characters

3-4 characters

6-7 characters

4-5 characters (correct)

Which task demonstrates the limitations of working memory capacity?

Reading Span Task Signup and view all the answers

When subjects were cued to report a specific row, what was their reported accuracy?

75-100% Signup and view all the answers

What effect does rehearsal have on working memory?

Moves information to long-term memory Signup and view all the answers

What does visual working memory store according to the findings mentioned?

Integrated object representations Signup and view all the answers

The ability to verify changes between scenes is dependent on what factor?

The number of objects present Signup and view all the answers

What is a key outcome when features of two different objects are quickly shown?

They are likely to incorrectly conjoin into one feature. Signup and view all the answers

What does the theory of unattended features suggest?

Unattended features are attenuated but not fully filtered out. Signup and view all the answers

In dichotic listening experiments, what is observed about the words played in the left ear?

They can blend into awareness with altered meaning. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'change blindness' reveal about our perception?

We greatly overestimate the amount of information we attend to. Signup and view all the answers

Which kind of attention focuses on specific sensory modalities?

Modality-Specific Attention Signup and view all the answers

What effect does expectation have on auditory perception, as shown by the Green Needle vs. Brainstorm example?

It allows for hearing based on the anticipated phonemes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of attentional filter mentioned?

Emotional Attention Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'meta-cognition' refer to in the context of attention?

The awareness and understanding of one's thought processes. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between attention and consciousness?

Attention can exist without consciousness in some cases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of operant conditioning?

Behavior that is modified through rewards or punishments. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory is characterized by its extremely brief duration and relation to perception?

Sensory/Iconic Memory Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant outcome of Patient HM's surgery?

He could not develop new memories while retaining past information. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Attention Theory of Cinematic Continuity explain?

How attention can be redirected seamlessly through film editing. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinction between skills and habits?

Habits emerge from repetitive actions, not always needing reinforcement. Signup and view all the answers

What does classical conditioning involve?

Pairing two stimuli to elicit a learned response. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of attention on cognitive processes?

It allows for selective focus on external stimuli or goals. Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily affected when subjects are told what types of questions they will be asked in a priming story task?

Their memory on aspects relevant to their goals Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that we need a mental model to control our attentional system effectively?

Attention Schema Theory of Consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What influences our attention, even if we are not conscious of it, according to Jiang et al.'s study?

Unconscious presentation of stimuli Signup and view all the answers

How does internal attention primarily differ from external attention?

Internal attention is goal-oriented and top-down Signup and view all the answers

In a dichotic listening task, what effect does hearing one's own name have?

It can pull attention to the unattended ear Signup and view all the answers

What role does working memory play in attention, according to the given content?

It helps choose which information to maintain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor influencing internal attention?

Visual stimulus in the environment Signup and view all the answers

What tends to happen when our attention is primed in a specific direction?

We can forget relevant information unrelated to our goal Signup and view all the answers

What is representativeness in the context of Bayesian suboptimality?

The use of familiar examples to determine the likelihood of an event. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a failure that results from representativeness?

Overconfidence Signup and view all the answers

What does the availability heuristic refer to?

The tendency to estimate probabilities by recalling recent instances. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following influences the availability heuristic?

The recency of information Signup and view all the answers

What key aspect of metacognition is highlighted in the understanding of human confidence?

Judgments of self-reliance vary independently from actual performance. Signup and view all the answers

What evidence of metacognition was found in animals according to Kepecs and Mainen (2012)?

Ability to opt-out based on predicted accuracy. Signup and view all the answers

What complicates the assignment of probabilities in metacognition?

The nature of probability theory itself. Signup and view all the answers

What does it indicate when a mouse chooses the B route with a wrong dominant smell?

The mouse is unsure and will return for another trial. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding misconceptions of chance is true?

They include the gambler's fallacy and misconceptions about fair outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

In situations where care is required, how do confident mice behave compared to those that are not confident?

Confident mice wait indefinitely for a reward while less confident ones give up quickly. Signup and view all the answers

What is Moravec's Paradox primarily concerned with?

The discrepancy between human cognitive ease and machine difficulty in sensorimotor tasks. Signup and view all the answers

How does embodied cognition differ from traditional cognitive science approaches?

It emphasizes the integration of cognition and physical environment. Signup and view all the answers

What behavior do mice exhibit when both A and B smells are perceived as equal?

They wait approximately 7 seconds before returning. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents a key challenge identified in Moravec's Paradox?

Adaptation to physical changes is computationally demanding. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the study of metacognition significant in observing mouse behavior?

It shows how mice perceive and act upon their confidence levels. Signup and view all the answers

What might happen to a mouse if it detects an incorrect dominant smell and chooses a route?

It will experience a random wait time before trying again. Signup and view all the answers

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Description

Test your knowledge on visual working memory concepts based on Luck & Vogel's study. This quiz covers iconic memory duration, character recall limits, and the effects of rehearsal, among other key findings in cognitive psychology. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of memory theories.