Cognitive Psychology: Perception Week 2
37 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What function does pattern recognition serve in the process of object recognition?

  • It predicts future perceptions based on past experiences.
  • It highlights differences between figures and backgrounds.
  • It matches stimuli to stored category objects. (correct)
  • It identifies three-dimensional shapes.

    • What aspect of perception did Gestalt psychologists tend to downplay?

  • The importance of emotional response in perception.
  • The significance of experience and top-down knowledge. (correct)
  • The role of environmental factors in perception.
  • The influence of light conditions on perception.

    • How can knowledge of an object influence figure-ground segmentation?

  • It complicates segmentation by adding context.
  • It enhances the ability to identify the figure in complex images. (correct)
  • It completely eliminates ambiguity in segmentation.
  • It reduces the importance of figure-ground relationships.

    • What is a primary challenge in pattern recognition?

    <p>Stimuli often do not match fully with stored memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a positive aspect of Gestalt psychology?

    <p>It discovered principles of perceptual organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between sensation and perception?

    <p>Sensation involves direct sensory experiences, while perception involves understanding and interpreting those experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law from Gestalt psychology refers to the tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as forming a group?

    <p>Law of proximity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the law of Pragnanz state about perception?

    <p>We perceive the simplest possible organization of the visual environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the lecture on visual perception?

    <p>The processes involved in visual perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle explains why we perceive distinct figures against a less distinct background?

    <p>Figure-ground segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of visual illusions, what typically occurs in the transition from sensation to perception?

    <p>It is a fast and automatic process that is usually unnoticed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following laws suggests that we group similar objects based on shared characteristics?

    <p>Law of similarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason visual illusions are considered compelling or surprising?

    <p>They challenge our cognitive abilities to interpret stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concept behind template theories of pattern recognition?

    <p>Patterns are recognized when they closely match a template stored in memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation do feature theories face in the context of local and global processing?

    <p>They incorrectly assume that global processing occurs before local processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells did Hubel and Wiesel discover in relation to feature detection?

    <p>Simple cells that detect basic features at specific locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the object superiority effect in the context of pattern recognition?

    <p>Features are easier to recognize when part of a meaningful object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do both bottom-up and top-down processes contribute to pattern recognition?

    <p>They work together and their interaction is crucial for recognition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do template theories explain the recognition of familiar stimuli?

    <p>By providing a rigid structure that allows for quick matching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant implication of the statement that visual experiences shape perception of illusions?

    <p>It highlights the importance of context in understanding visual stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are template theories considered inflexible in the context of pattern recognition?

    <p>They can only match exact shapes and forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of geons in object recognition?

    <p>They are the building blocks of object recognition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Biederman's recognition-by-components theory emphasize in object recognition?

    <p>Edges and patterns are first extracted to create geons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about ambiguous or degraded images in object recognition is correct?

    <p>They heavily rely on top-down knowledge and expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In object recognition studies by Foster and Gilson (2002), what factor was found to influence recognition?

    <p>The viewpoint and familiarity with the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one limitation of Biederman's recognition-by-components theory when applied to certain objects?

    <p>It is ineffective with objects that lack geons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does face recognition differ from object recognition according to the content?

    <p>Face recognition is better for recognizable features than unfamiliar ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of effect is associated with holistic processing in face recognition?

    <p>Part-whole effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of object recognition, what factor may mediate top-down influence according to the discussed theories?

    <p>Experience and familiarity with the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary evidence of holistic processing of faces demonstrated in the composite face illusion?

    <p>The top half of the face seems different when matched with a different bottom half.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by impaired recognition of faces while object recognition remains intact?

    <p>Face blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly contrasts apperceptive and associative agnosia?

    <p>Apperceptive agnosia maintains perceptual processing, while associative agnosia hinders it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the early vs late stages of object recognition refer to?

    <p>The sequence of perceptual processing before and after memory access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario would be least effective for testing face recognition ability for someone unfamiliar with celebrity faces?

    <p>Utilizing a workout video with various actors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is common in individuals with visual agnosia?

    <p>They are unable to recognize objects but can see them clearly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge faced by patients with face blindness?

    <p>Recognizing close friends and family members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle of perception did Gestalt psychologists primarily focus on?

    <p>The organization of stimuli into meaningful patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cognitive Psychology: Perception (Week 2)

    • Sensation vs. Perception: Sensation is the intake of sensory information by receptors and its translation into signals, while perception is the interpretation and understanding of those sensations.

    • Fundamental Principles of Perceptual Organization (Gestalt): Gestalt psychologists' key contribution is the law of Prägnanz, stating that perception organizes itself into the simplest possible form.

    • Gestalt Laws: Key principles include laws of proximity (close elements group together), similarity (similar elements group), continuation (lines tend to follow a continuous path), and closure (incomplete figures are perceived as complete).

    • Figure-Ground Segregation: The visual system separates the environment into "figure" (distinct shape) and "ground" (background). The figure is perceived as more important and in front of the ground.

    • Visual Illusions: Ambiguous or degraded stimuli illustrate the difference between sensation and perception.

    • Sensation and Perception Issues: Visual illusions reveal that perceptual organization is a complex process, influenced by experience and top-down processing.

    • Pattern Recognition: Pattern recognition involves identification of two-dimensional patterns prior to object recognition and requires matching the stimulus to stored categories.

    • Template Theories: A pattern is recognized when it closely matches a stored template in memory. This theory is considered unrealistic as stimuli can vary in form and orientation.

    • Feature Theories: A pattern is recognized when it shares the same set of features with a stored representation of features. Feature theories are challenged by the issue of local processing and whether this happens before global processing..

    • Biederman's Recognition-by-Components (RBC) Theory: Suggests that objects are broken down into geons (basic geometric shapes). Identifying these shapes allows for object recognition. This theory has limitations due to not handling all objects effectively.

    • Face Recognition: A holistic process with specific neural regions sensitive to faces. The composite face illusion demonstrates that facial recognition is more than just identifying individual features; it depends on holistic recognition patterns.

    • Visual Agnosia: A disorder where object recognition is impaired, divided into apperceptive (problem processing of features of an object) and associative (problem with knowledge about object) agnosia.

    • Face Inversion Effect: Face recognition is impaired when faces are presented upside-down.

    • Super Recognizers: Individuals with exceptionally strong face recognition abilities. The opposite condition is known as face blindness or prosopagnosia.

    • Top-down Processing: The influence of prior knowledge, expectations, and context on perception, often emphasized in contrast to bottom-up processing, which is driven by the stimulus itself.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Pl3103 Week 2 Perception Handout PDF

    Description

    Dive into the fascinating world of perception in Week 2 of Cognitive Psychology. Explore the differences between sensation and perception, learn about the fundamental principles of perceptual organization, and discover Gestalt laws. This quiz will also challenge your understanding of figure-ground segregation and visual illusions.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser