Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the primary focus of Wundt’s laboratory established in 1879?
What was the primary focus of Wundt’s laboratory established in 1879?
- Analysis of behavioral responses to stimuli
- Quantifying memory retention times
- Development of classical conditioning methods
- Analytical introspection (correct)
Which experiment quantified memory retention using the concept of 'savings'?
Which experiment quantified memory retention using the concept of 'savings'?
- Skinner’s operant conditioning experiment
- Ebbinghaus’ memory experiment (correct)
- Tolman’s cognitive map experiment
- Donder's reaction time experiment
What concept was primarily challenged by Tolman’s cognitive map findings in 1948?
What concept was primarily challenged by Tolman’s cognitive map findings in 1948?
- The effectiveness of reinforcements in shaping behavior
- The physiological basis of mental processes
- The idea that learning could happen without observable behavior (correct)
- The validity of introspection as a methodology
Who introduced the term 'Cognitive Psychology' in a significant publication in 1967?
Who introduced the term 'Cognitive Psychology' in a significant publication in 1967?
What was the main criticism Watson had towards introspection as a method?
What was the main criticism Watson had towards introspection as a method?
Which of the following best describes the contribution of digital computers to cognitive psychology during the cognitive revolution?
Which of the following best describes the contribution of digital computers to cognitive psychology during the cognitive revolution?
What was a significant challenge in modern cognitive psychology mentioned in the content?
What was a significant challenge in modern cognitive psychology mentioned in the content?
What was the main aspect studied in Donder’s reaction time experiment?
What was the main aspect studied in Donder’s reaction time experiment?
Which theorist argued that operant conditioning could not adequately explain language acquisition?
Which theorist argued that operant conditioning could not adequately explain language acquisition?
What was a key focus of the cognitive revolution in the 1950s and 1960s?
What was a key focus of the cognitive revolution in the 1950s and 1960s?
What is a key aspect of cognitive psychology explored through cognitive maps in Tolman's research?
What is a key aspect of cognitive psychology explored through cognitive maps in Tolman's research?
Which event in the history of cognitive psychology marked a shift away from behaviourism?
Which event in the history of cognitive psychology marked a shift away from behaviourism?
The concept of 'savings' in Ebbinghaus' memory experiments primarily refers to what?
The concept of 'savings' in Ebbinghaus' memory experiments primarily refers to what?
What significant critique of behaviourism was advanced following the cognitive revolution in the 1960s?
What significant critique of behaviourism was advanced following the cognitive revolution in the 1960s?
Which method is crucial in modern cognitive psychology for understanding brain processes?
Which method is crucial in modern cognitive psychology for understanding brain processes?
What approach in cognitive psychology emphasizes measuring reaction times and accuracy?
What approach in cognitive psychology emphasizes measuring reaction times and accuracy?
Which figure in cognitive psychology argued for the existence of innate mental structures?
Which figure in cognitive psychology argued for the existence of innate mental structures?
What challenge does cognitive psychology face regarding mental processes?
What challenge does cognitive psychology face regarding mental processes?
What was a primary focus of structuralism as introduced by Wundt?
What was a primary focus of structuralism as introduced by Wundt?
Flashcards
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
The scientific study of how people think, perceive, remember, and make decisions.
Cognition
Cognition
Internal mental representations that help us understand the world around us.
Donder's Reaction Time Experiment
Donder's Reaction Time Experiment
An experiment designed to measure how long it takes to make a decision. It compares simple tasks to more complex ones.
Wundt's Laboratory
Wundt's Laboratory
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Structuralism
Structuralism
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Ebbinghaus' Memory Experiment
Ebbinghaus' Memory Experiment
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Behaviorism
Behaviorism
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Tolman's Cognitive Map
Tolman's Cognitive Map
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Cognitive Revolution
Cognitive Revolution
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Information-Processing Models
Information-Processing Models
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Cognitive Map
Cognitive Map
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Analytical Introspection
Analytical Introspection
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Study Notes
Cognitive Psychology: A Historical Overview
- Cognitive psychology investigates mental processes like perception, memory, attention, language, reasoning, and decision-making.
- Cognition involves internal processes—thoughts, beliefs, and internal representations—to interpret the environment.
Early Work
- Donder's Reaction Time Experiment (1868): Measured decision-making time by comparing simple and choice reaction times. Calculating the difference yields decision-making time.
- Wundt's Laboratory (1879): Founded the first psychology lab, pioneered analytic introspection; focused on breaking down mental experiences into basic elements (structuralism).
- Ebbinghaus' Memory Experiment (1885): Examined forgetting by learning nonsense syllables and testing recall at various intervals. Quantified retention via "savings."
Abandoning Mental Processes: The Rise of Behaviorism
- Watson's Behaviorism (1913): Criticized introspection for its subjectivity, advocating for a focus on observable behaviors; introduced classical conditioning.
- Skinner's Operant Conditioning (1938): Proposed that behaviors are shaped by reinforcement (positive or negative).
The Cognitive Revolution
- Tolman's Cognitive Map (1948): Demonstrated rats forming mental representations of mazes, contradicting behaviorist predictions.
- Digital Computers (1950s-1960s): Inspired stage-based information processing models simulating cognitive processes.
- Artificial Intelligence (1950s-1960s): Explored simulating human thought using computer algorithms.
- Chomsky’s Language Critique (1950s-1960s): Contended that operant conditioning couldn't explain language acquisition, proposing innate mental structures.
- Neisser's Influence (1967): Coined "cognitive psychology," unifying studies on perception, memory, and problem-solving using the information-processing approach.
Modern Research Approaches
- Behavioral Experiments: Measures behavior (reaction times, accuracy, eye movements).
- Neuroscientific Methods: Investigates brain activity, damage, and neural recordings.
- Computational Modeling: Designs artificial neural networks to simulate brain processes.
Challenges
- Mental processes are invisible; inferences are based on observable behaviors and brain activity.
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Description
Explore the historical development of cognitive psychology, focusing on key experiments and theories that shaped the field. This quiz covers significant contributions from pioneers like Donder, Wundt, and Ebbinghaus. Test your understanding of the evolution from cognitive processes to behaviorism.
