Cognitive Psychology Overview - Psyc 2360

False (B)

Dichotic listening

physical

<p>Flow diagram = A pictorial representation of information flow in a system using boxes and arrows Broadbent's Filter Model = An early theory of auditory attention that proposes a filter blocks unattended information Cherry's Dichotic Listening Task = A task used to study selective attention by presenting auditory stimuli to both ears simultaneously Structural Model = A representation of the physical structure of the brain and its role in cognitive processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonsense syllables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Savings = (initial repetitions) - (relearning repetitions)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>periodic table</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ebbinghaus = Forgetting curve and savings Wundt = First psychological laboratory Introspection = Method of self-report Structuralism = Basic elements of experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It led to variable results from different individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify basic elements of conscious experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between behaviors and their consequences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rewards or punishments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>operant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Operant Conditioning = Behavior shaped by rewards and punishments Latent Learning = Learning that occurs without direct reinforcement Cognitive Map = Mental representation of one's environment Behaviorism = The study of observable behavior without reference to mental processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rats can create a cognitive map of their environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1938</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1/10th sec (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emphasizing observable behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Choice RT – Simple RT</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explanations in terms of theoretical processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple RT Task = Involves perception and motor execution without decision Choice RT Task = Involves perception, decision, and motor execution Ebbinghaus = Conducted first scientific studies of memory Donders = Inferred mental processing time from task performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Time taken to decide which hand to squeeze (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are rejected if they fail to provide accurate predictions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pattern that influences other patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reaction Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Newell and Simon = Logic theorist program Ulrich Neisser = Cognitive psychology term Information processing models = Functional models Cognitive Revolution = Understanding cognitive behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perceiving a sensory signal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introspection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classical Conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Little Albert</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Watson = Founded Behaviorism Ivan Pavlov = Classical Conditioning B.F. Skinner = Operant Conditioning Little Albert = Demonstrated fear conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observable behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

The time taken to make a decision, calculated as Choice RT minus Simple RT.

The time it takes to make a decision when presented with multiple options, typically longer than Simple RT.

The reaction time measured when responding to a single stimulus without decision-making involved.

Donders concluded that it takes about 1/10th of a second to make a location decision based on choice and simple reaction time.

Components of a Simple RT task include sensory signal perception, brain processing, motor signal sending, and muscle contraction.

Choice RT tasks include sensory signal perception, decision making, motor signal sending, and muscle contraction.

Total reaction time in the Choice RT task, calculated as the sum of time for sensory perception, decision-making, and motor response.

Total reaction time for a Simple RT task, representing the time taken for sensory processing and motor response.

Calculated speed at which a sensory signal travels from the touch site to the brain, determined by the distance and response times.

Pioneered scientific studies of memory, impacting our understanding of how we remember and forget.

The impact of repeated practice on learning efficiency, indicating fewer repetitions are needed upon relearning.

A graphical representation showing how information is lost over time when there's no attempt to retain it.

The difference in repetition counts between initial learning and relearning, reflecting memory strength.

Wundt's approach to psychology focusing on breaking down mental processes into basic elements or sensations.

A method where participants report their conscious experiences in response to stimuli, aiming for self-analysis.

Issues regarding the validity of introspection due to variability in results and unobservable mental processes.

The subjective awareness of sensations and perceptions that form our understanding of the world.

The duration between learning and the subsequent attempt to recall or relearn information.

The relationship between behaviors and their consequences, influencing future behavior.

Shaping behavior through rewards or punishments to modify actions.

Behaviors that are rewarded are more likely to be repeated, while punished behaviors are less likely to recur.

The reduction of behaviorism's prominence due to evidence of internal mental states influencing behavior.

Learning that occurs without conditioning, evident through exploration without direct rewards.

A mental representation of spatial relationships, evidenced by how rats navigate mazes.

An experiment demonstrating latent learning in rats, leading to the idea of the cognitive map.

Behaviorism claims learning is direct through stimuli; Tolman argues for cognitive understanding of the environment.

A psychological approach focusing solely on observable behaviors and rejecting the study of the mind.

A psychologist who founded Behaviourism, emphasizing observable behavior over introspection.

A learning process where a neutral stimulus gains the ability to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response.

An experiment by Watson and Rayner showing that fear can be conditioned in humans using a baby and a rat paired with loud noises.

In classical conditioning, an event that initially does not elicit any particular response before conditioning.

The process of learning where an organism learns to connect two events and respond accordingly.

The study of how behavior is affected by environmental stimuli, without reference to mental processes.

Watson's strategy based on observable behavior, heavily influenced by Ivan Pavlov's work on classical conditioning.

Visual representations that depict information processing via boxes and arrows.

An auditory task where different messages are played in each ear to test attention.

The act of repeating a message heard in one ear to track attention focus.

Information that is ignored during auditory attention tasks, like dichotic listening.

A theory explaining attention using a filter allowing only attended information to pass through.

Representations of brain structures associated with specific functions being studied.

Models help organize complex data and frameworks for understanding cognitive processes.

Models integrate findings and provide bases for forming new research hypotheses.

A shift in psychology emphasizing the study of the mind alongside behavior.

Behavior that can be measured and quantified in psychological studies.

Making assumptions about cognitive processes based on observable behaviors.

Statements that can be evaluated through experimentation to support inferences.

Describes mental processes as the storage, transfer, and manipulation of information.

Functional models that explain cognitive processes without detailing brain implementation.

Psychologist who coined the term 'cognitive psychology' in 1967.

Event that showcased computers processing information like humans, marking a milestone in cognitive science.