Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the primary focus of Wilhelm Wundt's approach to psychology?
What was the primary focus of Wilhelm Wundt's approach to psychology?
- Combining basic elements of experience (correct)
- The influence of the environment on behavior
- The study of observable behavior
- Cognitive development across the lifespan
What was a significant contribution of John Watson to psychology?
What was a significant contribution of John Watson to psychology?
- Study of mental representations
- Emphasis on introspection
- Focus on observable behavior (correct)
- Development of cognitive theories
What is the main focus of cognitive psychology?
What is the main focus of cognitive psychology?
- The biological aspects of behavior
- The emotional experiences of individuals
- The scientific study of the outer world
- The scientific study of the mind (correct)
Which concept is associated with William James' functionalism?
Which concept is associated with William James' functionalism?
What do nativists argue about knowledge?
What do nativists argue about knowledge?
What did Tolman's memory experiment primarily demonstrate?
What did Tolman's memory experiment primarily demonstrate?
Which of the following mental functions is NOT categorized under cognition?
Which of the following mental functions is NOT categorized under cognition?
During the cognitive revolution, which technological advancement influenced the study of the mind?
During the cognitive revolution, which technological advancement influenced the study of the mind?
What was the primary objective of Donders's experiment in 1868?
What was the primary objective of Donders's experiment in 1868?
What was the ultimate goal of cognitive psychology as emphasized by Ulrich Neisser?
What was the ultimate goal of cognitive psychology as emphasized by Ulrich Neisser?
Which phenomenon did Miller refer to in his work on cognitive psychology?
Which phenomenon did Miller refer to in his work on cognitive psychology?
Which research method is associated with the empiricist perspective?
Which research method is associated with the empiricist perspective?
What did Ebbinghaus's 1885 experiment primarily investigate?
What did Ebbinghaus's 1885 experiment primarily investigate?
In the context of cognitive psychology, what does constructive processing refer to?
In the context of cognitive psychology, what does constructive processing refer to?
What does the term 'cognition' encompass?
What does the term 'cognition' encompass?
Which of the following statements best represents the empiricist viewpoint?
Which of the following statements best represents the empiricist viewpoint?
Flashcards
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
The branch of psychology that scientifically studies the mind, focuses on understanding how the mind performs its functions, particularly perception, attention, memory, emotions, language, decision-making, thinking, and reasoning.
What is the Mind?
What is the Mind?
A system that creates representations of the world, allowing us to interact with it effectively to achieve goals.
The Mind Creates 'Cognition'
The Mind Creates 'Cognition'
It's a system for creating and controlling cognitive functions, which are the mental processes involved in perception, attention, memory, etc.
Empiricism (in Cognitive Psychology)
Empiricism (in Cognitive Psychology)
A cognitive approach that emphasizes the role of experience and learning in shaping our understanding of the world. Learners acquire knowledge through their interactions with the environment
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Nativism (in Cognitive Psychology)
Nativism (in Cognitive Psychology)
A cognitive approach that focuses on innate qualities of the brain, suggesting that certain knowledge is pre-programmed and genetically determined.
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Empiricism (in methods)
Empiricism (in methods)
This approach emphasizes the role of empirical investigations or experiments to acquire knowledge about the mind.
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Rationalism (in methods)
Rationalism (in methods)
This approach emphasizes the role of thinking and logical analysis in generating knowledge about the mind.
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Donders's Reaction Time Experiment (1868)
Donders's Reaction Time Experiment (1868)
A groundbreaking experiment conducted in 1868. It aimed to measure the time it takes to make a decision. It introduced the concept of reaction time (RT) and differentiated simple RT from choice RT.
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Structuralism
Structuralism
A school of psychology that emphasizes the importance of studying the basic elements of consciousness, such as sensations.
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Functionalism
Functionalism
A school of psychology that emphasizes the importance of studying the function of mental processes, such as how they help us adapt to our environment. It emphasizes what the mind does rather than what it is made of.
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Behaviorism
Behaviorism
A school of psychology that emphasizes the importance of studying observable behavior, rather than mental events. It focuses on the relationship between stimuli (environmental events) and responses (behaviors).
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Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a natural stimulus (UCS) that elicits a reflex response (UCR), resulting in the neutral stimulus eliciting a conditioned response (CR) that resembles the UCR.
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Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
A type of learning in which behaviors are strengthened or weakened by their consequences, such as rewards or punishments.
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Cognitive Map
Cognitive Map
A mental representation of the layout of an environment, even if it is not directly observable.
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Information-Processing Approach
Information-Processing Approach
An approach to studying the mind that is analogy to the workings of a computer, with a serial processing of information in a series of steps.
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Magic Number Seven
Magic Number Seven
The ability to remember a limited amount of information, usually considered to be 7 ± 2 items.
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Cognitive Psychology Course Information
- Course title: Cognitive Psychology
- Instructor: Dr. Itır Kaşıkçı
- Course code: PSY 3005
- Academic year: 2024-25 Fall
- University: BAU (Bahçeşehir University)
- Office: C 215
- Email: itir.kasikci@bau.edu.tr
- Office hours: Mondays 2:00 PM - 3:00 PM, Tuesdays 2:00 PM - 3:00 PM
- Course type: Hybrid
- Credits: 3/6 ECTS
- Classroom: D303/B301
- Itslearning page: Essential for announcements and communication
Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
- Focuses on understanding how we acquire information and how we use that information.
- Key aspects to think about include: getting information, emotions, what needs to be done with the information
Cognitive Psychology Definition & Focus
- Cognitive psychology is the study of the mind scientifically.
- Explores how the mind processes information.
Studying the Mind (Core Concepts)
- What is the mind? A system that creates mental representations of the world, enabling interactions and goal achievement.
- Cognition: Mental processes that support interactions and goal achievement (e.g., perception, attention, memory, language, decision-making, reasoning).
- Cognitive neuroscience: Emphasizes the connection between cognitive processes and brain activity.
- Human and artificial intelligence: Explore concepts like thinking, judgment, and problem solving in cognitive processes.
How Knowledge is Represented in the Mind
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Empiricism vs Nativism: Empiricism argues knowledge comes from experience, whereas nativism believes knowledge is innate.
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Empiricism vs Rationalism: Empiricism suggests knowledge is acquired through experience and observation, while rationalism suggests knowledge is gained through logical thought and inference
Studying the Mind: Early Work - Key Experiments
- Donders (1868): Pioneered reaction time experiments to study mental processes.
- Ebbinghaus (1885): Conducted experiments on memory, including the "savings curve" demonstrating memory loss over time.
- Bartlett (1932): Showed the importance of schemas and background knowledge in memory.
Studying the Mind: Introspection and Behaviorism
- Wundt (1879): Founder of structuralism, focusing on breaking down conscious experience into basic elements.
- William James (1890): Key figure in functionalism, focusing on the function of the mind in adapting to the environment.
- Watson (1913): Championed behaviorism, eliminating the focus on consciousness.
- Skinner: Proponent of operant conditioning focusing on observable behavior and environmental cues.
The Re-emergence of the Mind in Psychology
- Tolman (1918): Demonstrated that animals (rats in his experiments) have mental representations of their environment. Introduced the concept of cognitive maps.
- Chomsky vs Skinner: Debate on language acquisition mechanisms, with Skinner advocating behavioral views and Chomsky suggesting an innate language faculty.
The Rebirth of the Study of the Mind
- Information-processing approach: Describes mental processes as a series of stages (input, processing, storage, output) reflecting the digital information processing in computers.
- Miller (1956): Explored the capacity of working memory limitations.
The Cognitive Revolution
- Neisser (1967): His book emphasized the information-processing approach to studying the mind.
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