Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the region of the brain responsible for 'sculpting the response space' according to Frith?
What is the region of the brain responsible for 'sculpting the response space' according to Frith?
- Posterior lateral PFC
- Anterior cingulate
- Left Dorsolateral PFC (correct)
- Right Lateral PFC
What is the main difference between Emotional and Cognitive Control?
What is the main difference between Emotional and Cognitive Control?
- Emotional Control involves the Left Lateral PFC, while Cognitive Control involves the Right Lateral PFC
- Emotional Control involves the Anterior cingulate, while Cognitive Control involves the Posterior lateral PFC
- Emotional Control involves the Lateral PFC, while Cognitive Control involves the Orbital/ventro-medial region
- Emotional Control involves the Orbital/ventro-medial region, while Cognitive Control involves the Lateral PFC (correct)
What is the name of the hypothesis that is not universally accepted amongst researchers?
What is the name of the hypothesis that is not universally accepted amongst researchers?
- Cognitive Control Hypothesis
- Emotional Control Hypothesis
- Executive Function Hypothesis
- Somatic Marker Hypothesis (correct)
What region of the brain is associated with Monitoring in Executive Control?
What region of the brain is associated with Monitoring in Executive Control?
What is the main function of the Anterior cingulate in Executive Control?
What is the main function of the Anterior cingulate in Executive Control?
What is the term for the ability to control and regulate one's behavior?
What is the term for the ability to control and regulate one's behavior?
What region of the brain is associated with Cognitive Control?
What region of the brain is associated with Cognitive Control?
What is the name of the researcher who suggested that the Left Dorsolateral PFC is responsible for 'sculpting the response space'?
What is the name of the researcher who suggested that the Left Dorsolateral PFC is responsible for 'sculpting the response space'?
What does executive function require in order to override automatic behaviour and switch flexibly between tasks?
What does executive function require in order to override automatic behaviour and switch flexibly between tasks?
What is the difference between HOT and COLD executive control?
What is the difference between HOT and COLD executive control?
Which brain region is associated with cognitive control?
Which brain region is associated with cognitive control?
According to the Somatic Marker Hypothesis, what do emotional events store in memory?
According to the Somatic Marker Hypothesis, what do emotional events store in memory?
Where are somatic markers believed to be stored in the brain?
Where are somatic markers believed to be stored in the brain?
What is the Iowa Gambling Task used to study?
What is the Iowa Gambling Task used to study?
What is the function of somatic markers in guiding behavior?
What is the function of somatic markers in guiding behavior?
What is the main difference between the HOT and COLD systems?
What is the main difference between the HOT and COLD systems?
Which brain region is associated with the Somatic Marker Hypothesis?
Which brain region is associated with the Somatic Marker Hypothesis?
What is the role of somatic markers in the Somatic Marker Hypothesis?
What is the role of somatic markers in the Somatic Marker Hypothesis?
What is associated with greater activity in the right DLPFC?
What is associated with greater activity in the right DLPFC?
Which region is involved in simple stimulus-response mappings according to Koechlin and Summerfield (2007)?
Which region is involved in simple stimulus-response mappings according to Koechlin and Summerfield (2007)?
What is the main distinction between emotional and cognitive control?
What is the main distinction between emotional and cognitive control?
What is the main idea behind the Posterior-Anterior Hierarchy of Executive Functions?
What is the main idea behind the Posterior-Anterior Hierarchy of Executive Functions?
What is the function of the anterior cingulate cortex in executive control?
What is the function of the anterior cingulate cortex in executive control?
Which region is involved in multi-tasking according to Koechlin et al.?
Which region is involved in multi-tasking according to Koechlin et al.?
What is the main function of the right DLPFC in executive control?
What is the main function of the right DLPFC in executive control?
What is the main difference between the left and right lateral PFC in executive control?
What is the main difference between the left and right lateral PFC in executive control?
What is the main idea behind the somatic marker hypothesis?
What is the main idea behind the somatic marker hypothesis?
What is the main function of the lateral PFC in executive control?
What is the main function of the lateral PFC in executive control?
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Study Notes
Different Approaches to Executive Control
- Executive control can be divided into hot (emotional) and cold (cognitive) control, with hot control involving the orbital/ventro-medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cold control involving the lateral PFC.
###Left Lateral PFC vs Right Lateral PFC
- The left lateral PFC and right lateral PFC have distinct functions, with the left lateral PFC possibly responsible for selecting a range of plausible responses ("sculpting the response space").
Posterior Lateral PFC vs Anterior Lateral PFC
- The posterior lateral PFC and anterior lateral PFC have different functions, with the anterior lateral PFC involved in control, and the posterior lateral PFC involved in monitoring.
Organization of Executive Functions
- Executive functions require flexible processing to override automatic behavior, switch between tasks, and carry out a current task while holding in mind other goals.
- This flexibility is achieved via a biasing influence that makes certain behaviors more or less likely.
Somatic Marker Hypothesis
- The Somatic Marker Hypothesis, proposed by Antonio Damasio and colleagues, suggests that emotional events store "somatic markers" in memory, which link memories stored throughout the cortex and the "feeling" of those situations stored in regions dedicated to emotions.
- Somatic markers are believed to be stored in the orbitofrontal and ventromedial frontal cortex.
- Retrieving an event reinstates the somatic marker, which guides behavior.
Iowa Gambling Task
- In the Iowa Gambling Task, patients fail to show anticipatory skin conductance responses (SCRs), but show SCRs in other circumstances.
Right Dorsolateral PFC
- The right dorsolateral PFC is involved in making judgments, particularly when uncertainty is high and greater monitoring is required.
Posterior-Anterior Hierarchy of EF
- Koechlin and Summerfield (2007) propose that more posterior regions of the PFC are involved in simple stimulus-response mappings, while more anterior regions are involved in more complex mappings.
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