Cognitive Impact of Fast-Paced Media Study
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Questions and Answers

According to the information provided, which of the following is NOT a cognitive process potentially affected by fast-paced media?

  • Emotional Intelligence (correct)
  • Executive Function
  • Working Memory
  • Inhibitory Control

What was the main goal of the Liliard and Peterson study?

  • To explore the impact of different types of TV watching on executive function and working memory in young children. (correct)
  • To compare the effectiveness of VRET and traditional therapy in treating PTSD.
  • To investigate how virtual environments can replicate real-life trauma triggers for PTSD patients.
  • To determine the long-term effects of fast-paced TV on children's cognitive development.

Which of the following television programs was used in the fast-paced TV condition of the study?

  • SpongeBob SquarePants (correct)
  • Dora the Explorer
  • Caillou
  • Sesame Street

What is a potential limitation of the theory about fast-paced media's impact on cognitive function?

<p>It fails to consider individual differences in cognitive abilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a component of executive function as described in the text?

<p>Spatial reasoning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential advantage of slower-paced media or non-technological activities like drawing?

<p>They allow the brain more time to process information and maintain cognitive balance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential negative impact of the overstimulation caused by fast-paced media on children's cognitive processes?

<p>Reduced ability to focus, retain information, and perform attention-demanding tasks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea conveyed by the provided text regarding the impact of technology on cognitive processes?

<p>Exposure to fast-paced media can negatively affect cognitive processes, while slower-paced media and non-technological activities can be beneficial. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do schemas play in the context of confirmation bias?

<p>They filter information and perpetuate confirmation bias. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the interaction between schemas and confirmation bias affect an individual's perspective?

<p>It narrows their perspective and contributes to polarized thinking. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of the study conducted by Stone et al. (2010)?

<p>To demonstrate the perceptual confirmation of racial stereotypes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the conclusion regarding the ratings of Black and White athletes in the study?

<p>Stereotypes significantly influenced the evaluations of athletic contributions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cognitive dissonance result in when individuals are faced with conflicting information?

<p>An increased discomfort and a tendency to dismiss opposing viewpoints. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How were participants misled in the study by Stone et al.?

<p>They were told they were comparing two different media forms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of schematic processing observed in the study?

<p>It influences interpretations based on activated racial schemas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stereotype about athletes was confirmed through the study's findings?

<p>Black athletes are often viewed as more athletically gifted. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the social desirability effect?

<p>The inclination to respond based on perceived social norms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does schematic processing influence memory?

<p>It distorts reality to fit expectations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Cohen study in 1981 aim to investigate?

<p>The influence of prior knowledge on processing new information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Cohen study, participants were more likely to recall which type of information?

<p>Information that supported their existing beliefs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is confirmation bias?

<p>The inclination to remember only information that aligns with one's preconceptions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example illustrates schema-consistent information in the Cohen study?

<p>Students recalling that the librarian enjoyed classical music. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is schematic processing primarily associated with?

<p>Favoring schema-consistent information and memory efficiency. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding schemas is true?

<p>Schemas can help fill in gaps but may also create inaccuracies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main aim of Grafman's study?

<p>To investigate the impact of damage to the frontal lobe on aggressive tendencies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT used as a method to gather evidence in Grafman's study?

<p>Interviews with participants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary finding of Grafman's study?

<p>Veterans with damage to the prefrontal cortex showed higher levels of aggression compared to other groups. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible explanation for the heightened aggressive tendency in veterans with prefrontal cortex damage, as discussed in the text?

<p>The damage might have exacerbated existing aggressive tendencies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential limitation of the study is described in the text?

<p>The use of self-reported questionnaires may have led to inaccuracies due to social desirability bias. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Grafman's study utilize triangulation?

<p>By using a variety of research methods to collect data. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible alternative explanation for the heightened aggressive tendencies in veterans with prefrontal cortex damage?

<p>The veterans may have experienced trauma during the war, leading to PTSD and associated aggression. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor discussed as a possible alternative explanation for the findings of Grafman's study?

<p>The influence of genetic factors on aggression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major limitation of HM's case study findings?

<p>They may not be broadly applicable due to a single individual's conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the central executive in the working memory model?

<p>It directs attention and manages the flow of information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the working memory model is responsible for verbal and auditory information?

<p>Phonological loop (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What important addition to the working memory model did Baddeley introduce in 2000?

<p>Episodic buffer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which task did participants perform in the dual-task study designed to investigate the working memory model?

<p>Following a light while imagining letters. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the visuospatial sketchpad primarily deal with?

<p>Visual and spatial information for navigation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Condition A of the dual-task experiment, participants responded verbally to indicate:

<p>If the letter included specific lines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of working memory does the episodic buffer enhance?

<p>Integration of sensory information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the study discussed in the text?

<p>To investigate the influence of schema activation on perceptions of athletes' performance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key manipulation used in the study?

<p>The race of the athlete as communicated to the participants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main conclusion drawn about the participants' responses based on the study's findings?

<p>Individuals tend to perceive black athletes as more athletic and white athletes as more intelligent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor mentioned in the text as potentially contributing to racial stereotypes about athletes?

<p>Genetic predisposition towards specific athletic abilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, how might cognitive dissonance contribute to the perpetuation of stereotypes?

<p>Individuals may alter their beliefs to reduce the discomfort they experience when confronted with contradictory evidence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by schema activation in the context of the study?

<p>The mental process of associating specific racial traits with athletes' performance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study suggests that individuals' interpretations of athletes' performances can be influenced by:

<p>The athlete's race, as perceived by the observer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential limitation of the study's conclusions?

<p>The study did not include a control group of participants who were not given information about the athlete's race. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Triangulation

The process of using multiple sources of data to verify the accuracy and reliability of results.

Localization of Function

A study that investigates the effects of a specific brain region on behavior.

Group Comparison

A research approach where two or more groups are compared based on a specific characteristic.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A psychological condition characterized by intrusive thoughts, avoidance behaviors, and hyperarousal following a traumatic event.

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Mundane Realism

A research design where participants are studied in their natural setting.

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Social Desirability Bias

The tendency for research participants to provide socially desirable responses.

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External Validity

A measure of how well a research study reflects real-world situations.

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Internal Validity

A measure of how well a research study accurately measures what it intends to measure.

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Perceptual Confirmation

The process of confirming or reinforcing existing beliefs or stereotypes based on perception.

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Schema

A mental framework that helps organize information and categorize things based on prior knowledge.

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Stereotype

Generalized beliefs about a group of people, often based on limited or inaccurate information.

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Cognitive Dissonance

Discomfort or stress experienced when someone holds contradictory beliefs or experiences.

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Social & Cultural Influences

The way people learn and develop beliefs and attitudes through interactions with family, friends, and society.

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Personal Experiences & Individual Differences

The idea that personal experiences and individual differences can influence how people perceive and interpret information.

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Study Results

The study's finding that participants' perceptions of a basketball player's performance were influenced by the race they were told the player was.

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Study Conclusion

The study's conclusion that stereotypes about athletes can be activated by schema, influencing how people interpret performance.

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Confirmation Bias

The tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing beliefs while ignoring or dismissing contradictory evidence.

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Self-fulfilling Cycle

When schemas and confirmation bias reinforce each other, leading to more rigid beliefs and resistance to change.

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Schematic Processing

The process of interpreting information based on existing schemas, which can lead to biased judgments even if the information is neutral.

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Stone et al. (2010)

The study that examined how participants' racial schemas affected their perceptions of basketball players' performance.

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Schematic Effect

The effect of schemas on our interpretation of information, influencing how we perceive and understand the world.

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Schema-consistent information

Information that matches our existing schema or beliefs, making it easier to remember and process.

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Schema-inconsistent information

Information that contradicts or doesn't fit our schema or beliefs, making it harder to remember or leading to distortion to fit the schema.

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Social Desirability Effect

The influence of social norms and expectations on a person's responses. They may answer in a way they think is socially desirable, even if it's not their true opinion.

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Cohen Study (1981)

A study that investigated the effects of prior knowledge (schemas) on how people remember and process new information. Participants who were told a woman was a librarian remembered librarian-like information, even though she acted like a waitress and vice versa.

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Memory

The mental process of remembering and recalling information.

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Cognitive Processing

The cognitive process of how our minds work, including how we think, learn, remember, and solve problems.

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Generalizability

This refers to the ability of research findings to apply to a wider range of individuals or situations beyond the specific study sample.

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Working Memory

A type of memory that actively processes information, holding it in a temporary state for manipulation and cognitive tasks.

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Central Executive

The central executive is the control center of working memory, responsible for managing and coordinating the flow of information between different subsystems, and directing attention.

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Phonological Loop

The phonological loop is a component of working memory responsible for processing verbal and auditory information. It holds sounds briefly and allows for repeating information to keep it active in memory.

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Visuospatial Sketchpad

The visuospatial sketchpad is a component of working memory responsible for processing visual and spatial information, such as spatial reasoning, navigation, and mental visualization.

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Episodic Buffer

This component integrates information across different working memory subsystems and connects it to long-term memory, allowing for a coherent understanding of experiences. It helps us build meaning and remember complex information.

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Dual-Task Study

A research method involving two tasks performed simultaneously to assess the independent functioning of cognitive processes.

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Tracking Task

A task that involves tracking a moving target with a pointer, challenging visual attention and motor skills.

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What is VRET?

VRET, or Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, is a therapeutic approach used to treat PTSD by exposing patients to virtual simulations of their trauma triggers in a safe and controlled environment.

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What is one limitation of the VRET study?

The study on VRET's effectiveness on PTSD had a small sample size (only 8 participants), making it difficult to generalize the findings to a larger population.

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What else was missing in the VRET study?

The VRET study lacked a control group, making it hard to determine if the observed improvements were solely due to the virtual reality therapy or other factors.

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What's uncertain about the long-term benefits of VRET?

The study only assessed the effectiveness of VRET for six months, so it's unclear how long the positive effects may last.

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What is a potential limitation of VRET's theory?

VRET assumes virtual environments can accurately replicate real-life trauma triggers for everyone, but this might not always be true.

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What aspect of PTSD does VRET possibly not address?

VRET might not address the underlying cognitive or emotional processes involved in trauma, requiring more research to understand its full psychological impact.

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How can fast-paced media affect children?

Fast-paced media, with its rapid scene changes and high levels of sensory stimulation, can overload a child's cognitive capacity, potentially leading to reduced focus, memory retention, and task performance.

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What cognitive functions can fast-paced media impair?

Fast-paced media can disrupt executive functioning, impairing processes like inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory, essential for regulating behavior and processing information effectively.

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Description

Explore the findings of Liliard and Peterson regarding fast-paced media's effects on cognitive processes. This quiz assesses your understanding of the study's goals, findings, and implications on children's executive functions. Test your knowledge about television's role in cognitive development and the associated biases.

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