Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of hormone is often studied in relation to cognitive function in postmenopausal women?
What type of hormone is often studied in relation to cognitive function in postmenopausal women?
- Insulin
- Cortisol
- Estrogen (correct)
- Testosterone
Studies on hormone therapy consistently show a performance enhancing effect on all cognitive tasks.
Studies on hormone therapy consistently show a performance enhancing effect on all cognitive tasks.
False (B)
According to some studies, which part of the brain is thought to be particularly influenced by estrogen regarding cognitive function?
According to some studies, which part of the brain is thought to be particularly influenced by estrogen regarding cognitive function?
prefrontal cortex
The dichotic listening paradigm investigates language ________ in the auditory domain.
The dichotic listening paradigm investigates language ________ in the auditory domain.
Which of the following is a methodological factor that can cause variability in the results when studying hormone effects on cognition?
Which of the following is a methodological factor that can cause variability in the results when studying hormone effects on cognition?
Match the instructions given in the dichotic listening paradigm with their description:
Match the instructions given in the dichotic listening paradigm with their description:
The Bergen version of the dichotic listening paradigm uses meaningful sentences as stimuli.
The Bergen version of the dichotic listening paradigm uses meaningful sentences as stimuli.
What cognitive function, besides verbal and working memory, has been shown to be influenced by hormone therapy?
What cognitive function, besides verbal and working memory, has been shown to be influenced by hormone therapy?
What does a right-ear advantage typically indicate?
What does a right-ear advantage typically indicate?
Testosterone is the only hormone that influences lateralization.
Testosterone is the only hormone that influences lateralization.
Which cycle phase is associated with the least pronounced lateralization?
Which cycle phase is associated with the least pronounced lateralization?
The majority of neuronal fibers from the right ear terminate in the left ________ lobe.
The majority of neuronal fibers from the right ear terminate in the left ________ lobe.
What does the term 'NF' refer to in the context of the dichotic listening paradigm?
What does the term 'NF' refer to in the context of the dichotic listening paradigm?
The FR condition typically demonstrates a reduced right-ear advantage.
The FR condition typically demonstrates a reduced right-ear advantage.
Match the cycle phases with their associated levels of lateralization:
Match the cycle phases with their associated levels of lateralization:
What are the three auditory conditions in the dichotic listening paradigm?
What are the three auditory conditions in the dichotic listening paradigm?
In the context of dichotic listening, what does a positive value on the y-axis indicate?
In the context of dichotic listening, what does a positive value on the y-axis indicate?
The FR condition in dichotic listening primarily reflects cognitive control.
The FR condition in dichotic listening primarily reflects cognitive control.
What specific part of the brain is considered a key target of estrogen?
What specific part of the brain is considered a key target of estrogen?
The FL condition requires cognitive control when reporting from the ______ ear.
The FL condition requires cognitive control when reporting from the ______ ear.
Match the following conditions with their primary cognitive process involved:
Match the following conditions with their primary cognitive process involved:
What does the x-axis represent in the context of estradiol levels?
What does the x-axis represent in the context of estradiol levels?
Research suggests that Frontal lobe (FL), and Frontal right (FR) conditions are identical in their underlying cognitive processes.
Research suggests that Frontal lobe (FL), and Frontal right (FR) conditions are identical in their underlying cognitive processes.
What does the evidence suggest is the impact of estradiol on the PFC in previous studies?
What does the evidence suggest is the impact of estradiol on the PFC in previous studies?
Which of the following is a factor that can potentially influence the results of studies examining the relationship between hormones and cognition?
Which of the following is a factor that can potentially influence the results of studies examining the relationship between hormones and cognition?
Estrogen has been shown to consistently improve cognitive performance in all tasks, regardless of the level of estrogen.
Estrogen has been shown to consistently improve cognitive performance in all tasks, regardless of the level of estrogen.
What neuroimaging technique has been used to study the functional connectivity of spatial cognition during the menstrual cycle?
What neuroimaging technique has been used to study the functional connectivity of spatial cognition during the menstrual cycle?
The dichotic listening paradigm is a task used to investigate auditory ______ in the brain.
The dichotic listening paradigm is a task used to investigate auditory ______ in the brain.
Match the following brain regions with their associated cognitive function:
Match the following brain regions with their associated cognitive function:
What effect was observed from the menstrual phase to the follicular phase regarding estradiol levels?
What effect was observed from the menstrual phase to the follicular phase regarding estradiol levels?
The luteal phase is associated with a lower cognitive control performance compared to the follicular phase.
The luteal phase is associated with a lower cognitive control performance compared to the follicular phase.
What could an increase in estradiol levels potentially enhance?
What could an increase in estradiol levels potentially enhance?
The hormone _____ is speculated to have an inverse inhibiting role during the menstrual cycle phases.
The hormone _____ is speculated to have an inverse inhibiting role during the menstrual cycle phases.
Which cognitive task did not show a cycle effect during the menstrual cycle?
Which cognitive task did not show a cycle effect during the menstrual cycle?
Match the following menstrual cycle phases with their associated cognitive performance:
Match the following menstrual cycle phases with their associated cognitive performance:
All cognitively demanding tasks are equally affected by menstrual cycle variations.
All cognitively demanding tasks are equally affected by menstrual cycle variations.
The vast majority of lateralization studies suggest that tasks requiring more cognitive control are more sensitive to menstrual cycle-related effects, particularly during elevated levels of _____ .
The vast majority of lateralization studies suggest that tasks requiring more cognitive control are more sensitive to menstrual cycle-related effects, particularly during elevated levels of _____ .
Which hormone is mentioned as having an influence on functional brain organization during the menstrual cycle?
Which hormone is mentioned as having an influence on functional brain organization during the menstrual cycle?
Cellular and molecular effects of steroid hormones do not affect CNS excitability.
Cellular and molecular effects of steroid hormones do not affect CNS excitability.
What does STCI stand for?
What does STCI stand for?
Dichotic listening tasks reveal variations in functional cerebral asymmetry across the menstrual cycle that are phase and _____ dependent.
Dichotic listening tasks reveal variations in functional cerebral asymmetry across the menstrual cycle that are phase and _____ dependent.
Match the following authors with their areas of research:
Match the following authors with their areas of research:
What type of dysfunctions are evidenced by dichotic listening performance in schizophrenia?
What type of dysfunctions are evidenced by dichotic listening performance in schizophrenia?
The forced-attention paradigm is applied to compare functional cerebral asymmetries in children and adults.
The forced-attention paradigm is applied to compare functional cerebral asymmetries in children and adults.
What cognitive control is studied in relation to the menstrual cycle?
What cognitive control is studied in relation to the menstrual cycle?
Flashcards
Lateralization
Lateralization
The tendency for one side of the brain to be more dominant in controlling certain cognitive functions.
Executive Function
Executive Function
A type of brain activity involved in planning, decision-making, and working memory.
Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Cycle
The natural cyclical changes in hormone levels experienced by women.
Dichotic Listening
Dichotic Listening
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Working Memory
Working Memory
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Cognitive Inhibition
Cognitive Inhibition
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Verbal Memory
Verbal Memory
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Prefrontal Cortex (PFC)
Prefrontal Cortex (PFC)
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Right-Ear Advantage
Right-Ear Advantage
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Menstrual Phase
Menstrual Phase
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Follicular & Luteal Phases
Follicular & Luteal Phases
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Hormonal Influence on Lateralization
Hormonal Influence on Lateralization
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NF Condition (Normal Filtering)
NF Condition (Normal Filtering)
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FR & FL Conditions (Focused & Filtered Listening)
FR & FL Conditions (Focused & Filtered Listening)
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What is dichotic listening?
What is dichotic listening?
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Ear Advantage
Ear Advantage
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Right Ear Advantage (REA)
Right Ear Advantage (REA)
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Forced-Right (FR)
Forced-Right (FR)
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Forced-Left (FL)
Forced-Left (FL)
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Cognitive Control
Cognitive Control
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Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) and Estradiol
Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) and Estradiol
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How does Estradiol Influence Cognitive Control?
How does Estradiol Influence Cognitive Control?
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Brain Lateralization
Brain Lateralization
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Follicular Phase
Follicular Phase
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Luteal Phase
Luteal Phase
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Left Ear Advantage (LEA)
Left Ear Advantage (LEA)
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Selective Attention Test
Selective Attention Test
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Hemispheric Dominance
Hemispheric Dominance
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Prefrontal Cortex
Prefrontal Cortex
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Study Notes
Language Lateralization and Cognitive Control Across the Menstrual Cycle
- Study investigated how language lateralization and cognitive control change across the menstrual cycle.
- 15 women and 15 men participated. Women were tested at three different phases: menstrual, follicular, and luteal, verified via hormone assays.
- Dichotic listening paradigm used, with non-forced, forced-right, and forced-left conditions.
- Non-forced condition results, and forced-right, remained consistent across the cycle.
- Forced-left condition showed significant changes: women in the follicular phase had a stronger left ear advantage (likely better left hemispheric cognitive control) compared to menstrual and luteal phases.
- Increased performance in the follicular phase showed a negative correlation with estradiol levels.
- This suggests estradiol plays an active role in cognitive control.
- The degree of cognitive control demanded by a task is important when considering lateralization across the menstrual cycle.
Hormone Assays
- Two saliva samples collected before and after the dichotic listening task, separately analyzed for estradiol and progesterone.
- All hormone levels fell within expected ranges.
Participant Demographics
- 15 healthy women (mean age 23.47 ± 5.11 years, age range 20-36) and 15 healthy men (mean age 23.13 ± 2.42 years, age range 20-28).
- All participants right-handed, native Norwegian speakers.
- Inter-aural hearing differences were less than 10dB at specified frequencies.
- Women had regular cycles (mean cycle length 26-32 days).
- Women were not using hormonal contraceptives or other hormone-regulating medications, and were not pregnant.
- Cycle phases were randomized for women.
Dichotic Listening Test
- Standardized Bergen Dichotic Listening Test used.
- 36 pairs of consonant-vowel (CV) syllables, including homonyms.
- 3 conditions:
- Non-forced (NF): Participants report clearest sound.
- Forced-right (FR): Participants report sound from right ear.
- Forced-left (FL): Participants report sound from left ear.
- 3 blocks, each condition presented three times.
- Laterality index calculated: (RE - LE) / (RE + LE) * 100, where RE is right ear correct responses and LE is left ear correct responses
Data Analysis
- Repeated measures ANOVA with sex, phase (and phase equivalent for men), and dichotic listening condition as factors.
- Laterality index as dependent variable.
- Post-hoc analyses (Fisher's LSD) performed.
- Power analysis conducted for non-forced and forced-right conditions, ruling out small/medium effects.
Statistical Analysis Summary
- Significant Phase x Condition x Sex interaction, but not for non-forced or forced-right conditions.
- A significant Sex x Phase interaction found for forced-left condition, with positive correlations between estradiol/progesterone and FL laterality.
- Follicular phase associated with left-ear advantage (better cognitive control).
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Description
This quiz explores the relationship between hormone therapy and cognitive function, specifically in postmenopausal women. It examines the impact of hormones like estrogen and testosterone on brain functions and the methodologies used in cognitive studies. Test your knowledge on how these factors influence cognition and lateralization.
