Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of hormone is often studied in relation to cognitive function in postmenopausal women?
What type of hormone is often studied in relation to cognitive function in postmenopausal women?
Studies on hormone therapy consistently show a performance enhancing effect on all cognitive tasks.
Studies on hormone therapy consistently show a performance enhancing effect on all cognitive tasks.
False
According to some studies, which part of the brain is thought to be particularly influenced by estrogen regarding cognitive function?
According to some studies, which part of the brain is thought to be particularly influenced by estrogen regarding cognitive function?
prefrontal cortex
The dichotic listening paradigm investigates language ________ in the auditory domain.
The dichotic listening paradigm investigates language ________ in the auditory domain.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a methodological factor that can cause variability in the results when studying hormone effects on cognition?
Which of the following is a methodological factor that can cause variability in the results when studying hormone effects on cognition?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the instructions given in the dichotic listening paradigm with their description:
Match the instructions given in the dichotic listening paradigm with their description:
Signup and view all the answers
The Bergen version of the dichotic listening paradigm uses meaningful sentences as stimuli.
The Bergen version of the dichotic listening paradigm uses meaningful sentences as stimuli.
Signup and view all the answers
What cognitive function, besides verbal and working memory, has been shown to be influenced by hormone therapy?
What cognitive function, besides verbal and working memory, has been shown to be influenced by hormone therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a right-ear advantage typically indicate?
What does a right-ear advantage typically indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
Testosterone is the only hormone that influences lateralization.
Testosterone is the only hormone that influences lateralization.
Signup and view all the answers
Which cycle phase is associated with the least pronounced lateralization?
Which cycle phase is associated with the least pronounced lateralization?
Signup and view all the answers
The majority of neuronal fibers from the right ear terminate in the left ________ lobe.
The majority of neuronal fibers from the right ear terminate in the left ________ lobe.
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'NF' refer to in the context of the dichotic listening paradigm?
What does the term 'NF' refer to in the context of the dichotic listening paradigm?
Signup and view all the answers
The FR condition typically demonstrates a reduced right-ear advantage.
The FR condition typically demonstrates a reduced right-ear advantage.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the cycle phases with their associated levels of lateralization:
Match the cycle phases with their associated levels of lateralization:
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three auditory conditions in the dichotic listening paradigm?
What are the three auditory conditions in the dichotic listening paradigm?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of dichotic listening, what does a positive value on the y-axis indicate?
In the context of dichotic listening, what does a positive value on the y-axis indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
The FR condition in dichotic listening primarily reflects cognitive control.
The FR condition in dichotic listening primarily reflects cognitive control.
Signup and view all the answers
What specific part of the brain is considered a key target of estrogen?
What specific part of the brain is considered a key target of estrogen?
Signup and view all the answers
The FL condition requires cognitive control when reporting from the ______ ear.
The FL condition requires cognitive control when reporting from the ______ ear.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following conditions with their primary cognitive process involved:
Match the following conditions with their primary cognitive process involved:
Signup and view all the answers
What does the x-axis represent in the context of estradiol levels?
What does the x-axis represent in the context of estradiol levels?
Signup and view all the answers
Research suggests that Frontal lobe (FL), and Frontal right (FR) conditions are identical in their underlying cognitive processes.
Research suggests that Frontal lobe (FL), and Frontal right (FR) conditions are identical in their underlying cognitive processes.
Signup and view all the answers
What does the evidence suggest is the impact of estradiol on the PFC in previous studies?
What does the evidence suggest is the impact of estradiol on the PFC in previous studies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a factor that can potentially influence the results of studies examining the relationship between hormones and cognition?
Which of the following is a factor that can potentially influence the results of studies examining the relationship between hormones and cognition?
Signup and view all the answers
Estrogen has been shown to consistently improve cognitive performance in all tasks, regardless of the level of estrogen.
Estrogen has been shown to consistently improve cognitive performance in all tasks, regardless of the level of estrogen.
Signup and view all the answers
What neuroimaging technique has been used to study the functional connectivity of spatial cognition during the menstrual cycle?
What neuroimaging technique has been used to study the functional connectivity of spatial cognition during the menstrual cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
The dichotic listening paradigm is a task used to investigate auditory ______ in the brain.
The dichotic listening paradigm is a task used to investigate auditory ______ in the brain.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following brain regions with their associated cognitive function:
Match the following brain regions with their associated cognitive function:
Signup and view all the answers
What effect was observed from the menstrual phase to the follicular phase regarding estradiol levels?
What effect was observed from the menstrual phase to the follicular phase regarding estradiol levels?
Signup and view all the answers
The luteal phase is associated with a lower cognitive control performance compared to the follicular phase.
The luteal phase is associated with a lower cognitive control performance compared to the follicular phase.
Signup and view all the answers
What could an increase in estradiol levels potentially enhance?
What could an increase in estradiol levels potentially enhance?
Signup and view all the answers
The hormone _____ is speculated to have an inverse inhibiting role during the menstrual cycle phases.
The hormone _____ is speculated to have an inverse inhibiting role during the menstrual cycle phases.
Signup and view all the answers
Which cognitive task did not show a cycle effect during the menstrual cycle?
Which cognitive task did not show a cycle effect during the menstrual cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following menstrual cycle phases with their associated cognitive performance:
Match the following menstrual cycle phases with their associated cognitive performance:
Signup and view all the answers
All cognitively demanding tasks are equally affected by menstrual cycle variations.
All cognitively demanding tasks are equally affected by menstrual cycle variations.
Signup and view all the answers
The vast majority of lateralization studies suggest that tasks requiring more cognitive control are more sensitive to menstrual cycle-related effects, particularly during elevated levels of _____ .
The vast majority of lateralization studies suggest that tasks requiring more cognitive control are more sensitive to menstrual cycle-related effects, particularly during elevated levels of _____ .
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormone is mentioned as having an influence on functional brain organization during the menstrual cycle?
Which hormone is mentioned as having an influence on functional brain organization during the menstrual cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
Cellular and molecular effects of steroid hormones do not affect CNS excitability.
Cellular and molecular effects of steroid hormones do not affect CNS excitability.
Signup and view all the answers
What does STCI stand for?
What does STCI stand for?
Signup and view all the answers
Dichotic listening tasks reveal variations in functional cerebral asymmetry across the menstrual cycle that are phase and _____ dependent.
Dichotic listening tasks reveal variations in functional cerebral asymmetry across the menstrual cycle that are phase and _____ dependent.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following authors with their areas of research:
Match the following authors with their areas of research:
Signup and view all the answers
What type of dysfunctions are evidenced by dichotic listening performance in schizophrenia?
What type of dysfunctions are evidenced by dichotic listening performance in schizophrenia?
Signup and view all the answers
The forced-attention paradigm is applied to compare functional cerebral asymmetries in children and adults.
The forced-attention paradigm is applied to compare functional cerebral asymmetries in children and adults.
Signup and view all the answers
What cognitive control is studied in relation to the menstrual cycle?
What cognitive control is studied in relation to the menstrual cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Language Lateralization and Cognitive Control Across the Menstrual Cycle
- Study investigated how language lateralization and cognitive control change across the menstrual cycle.
- 15 women and 15 men participated. Women were tested at three different phases: menstrual, follicular, and luteal, verified via hormone assays.
- Dichotic listening paradigm used, with non-forced, forced-right, and forced-left conditions.
- Non-forced condition results, and forced-right, remained consistent across the cycle.
- Forced-left condition showed significant changes: women in the follicular phase had a stronger left ear advantage (likely better left hemispheric cognitive control) compared to menstrual and luteal phases.
- Increased performance in the follicular phase showed a negative correlation with estradiol levels.
- This suggests estradiol plays an active role in cognitive control.
- The degree of cognitive control demanded by a task is important when considering lateralization across the menstrual cycle.
Hormone Assays
- Two saliva samples collected before and after the dichotic listening task, separately analyzed for estradiol and progesterone.
- All hormone levels fell within expected ranges.
Participant Demographics
- 15 healthy women (mean age 23.47 ± 5.11 years, age range 20-36) and 15 healthy men (mean age 23.13 ± 2.42 years, age range 20-28).
- All participants right-handed, native Norwegian speakers.
- Inter-aural hearing differences were less than 10dB at specified frequencies.
- Women had regular cycles (mean cycle length 26-32 days).
- Women were not using hormonal contraceptives or other hormone-regulating medications, and were not pregnant.
- Cycle phases were randomized for women.
Dichotic Listening Test
- Standardized Bergen Dichotic Listening Test used.
- 36 pairs of consonant-vowel (CV) syllables, including homonyms.
- 3 conditions:
- Non-forced (NF): Participants report clearest sound.
- Forced-right (FR): Participants report sound from right ear.
- Forced-left (FL): Participants report sound from left ear.
- 3 blocks, each condition presented three times.
- Laterality index calculated: (RE - LE) / (RE + LE) * 100, where RE is right ear correct responses and LE is left ear correct responses
Data Analysis
- Repeated measures ANOVA with sex, phase (and phase equivalent for men), and dichotic listening condition as factors.
- Laterality index as dependent variable.
- Post-hoc analyses (Fisher's LSD) performed.
- Power analysis conducted for non-forced and forced-right conditions, ruling out small/medium effects.
Statistical Analysis Summary
- Significant Phase x Condition x Sex interaction, but not for non-forced or forced-right conditions.
- A significant Sex x Phase interaction found for forced-left condition, with positive correlations between estradiol/progesterone and FL laterality.
- Follicular phase associated with left-ear advantage (better cognitive control).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz explores the relationship between hormone therapy and cognitive function, specifically in postmenopausal women. It examines the impact of hormones like estrogen and testosterone on brain functions and the methodologies used in cognitive studies. Test your knowledge on how these factors influence cognition and lateralization.
