Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a cognitive feature of depression according to Beck's theory?
Which of the following is a cognitive feature of depression according to Beck's theory?
- Headaches
- Panic attacks
- Sadness
- Negative triad (correct)
Hallucinations are the most common type of intrusive symptoms in schizophrenia.
Hallucinations are the most common type of intrusive symptoms in schizophrenia.
True (A)
What does PTSD stand for?
What does PTSD stand for?
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
The cognitive theory of anxiety disorders, proposed by Clark and Beck, suggests that __________ misinterpretations can lead to a vicious cycle.
The cognitive theory of anxiety disorders, proposed by Clark and Beck, suggests that __________ misinterpretations can lead to a vicious cycle.
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Flashcards
Attributional Bias in Schizophrenia
Attributional Bias in Schizophrenia
A negative thought pattern where individuals attribute negative life events to external factors, rather than taking responsibility for their actions.
Cognitive Model of Obsessions (Skavolski)
Cognitive Model of Obsessions (Skavolski)
A cognitive model explaining the development of OCD, where spontaneous intrusive thoughts and a sense of inflated responsibility lead to compulsive behaviors to neutralize anxiety.
Cognition
Cognition
A mental action of acquiring and understanding knowledge, often involving perception, attention, memory, language, and other cognitive processes.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
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Cognitive Theory of Anxiety (Clark & Beck)
Cognitive Theory of Anxiety (Clark & Beck)
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Study Notes
Cognition and Mental Disorders
- Cognition is the mental process of acquiring and understanding knowledge.
Depression
- Emotional features: Sadness, anxiety.
- Motivational feature: Lack of interest.
- Physical impacts: Headaches.
- Cognitive features: Negative triad.
- Beck's theory of depression: Depressive symptoms are linked to negative thoughts about oneself, the world, and the future.
- Diagnostic criteria: Minimum of five symptoms are needed for a diagnosis.
- Interpretation bias: Depression is associated with critical self-judgment.
Anxiety Disorders
- Types: Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder.
- Cognitive theory (Clark and Beck): Catastrophic misinterpretations create vicious cycles.
- Anxious cognition: Attributing physical sensations to events.
- Resultant behaviour: Avoidance reinforces feelings.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Also known as combat fatigue (pre-1980).
- Anxiety disorder resulting from extreme trauma (physical or psychological).
- Symptoms: Intrusive symptoms (flashbacks), negative cognitions (inability to remember).
- Memory is key: Classic conditioning is involved.
- Cause: Environmental.
- Dual representation theory (Brewin et al., 1996): Dissociation between memory and snapshots of events.
Schizophrenia
- Symptoms: Two or more symptoms, including delusions and hallucinations.
- Hallucinations: Sensory experiences; auditory most common.
- Delusions: Common in hospitalized patients (75%). Types include control and reference delusions.
- Cognitive theory: Attributional bias – tendency to attribute negative life events to external causes.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- Obsessions: Intrusive, ego-dystonic thoughts (thoughts that are not part of your normal self).
- Compulsions: Repetitive behaviours (mental rituals) to neutralize stress from obsessions.
- Symptom dimensions: Checking, ordering, cleaning.
- Cognitive model (Skavolski): Spontaneous thoughts and inflated responsibility lead to compulsions.
- Common cognitive themes: Beliefs, vicious cycles, rumination.
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