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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a cognitive feature of depression according to Beck's theory?
Which of the following is a cognitive feature of depression according to Beck's theory?
Hallucinations are the most common type of intrusive symptoms in schizophrenia.
Hallucinations are the most common type of intrusive symptoms in schizophrenia.
True
What does PTSD stand for?
What does PTSD stand for?
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
The cognitive theory of anxiety disorders, proposed by Clark and Beck, suggests that __________ misinterpretations can lead to a vicious cycle.
The cognitive theory of anxiety disorders, proposed by Clark and Beck, suggests that __________ misinterpretations can lead to a vicious cycle.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Cognition and Mental Disorders
- Cognition is the mental process of acquiring and understanding knowledge.
Depression
- Emotional features: Sadness, anxiety.
- Motivational feature: Lack of interest.
- Physical impacts: Headaches.
- Cognitive features: Negative triad.
- Beck's theory of depression: Depressive symptoms are linked to negative thoughts about oneself, the world, and the future.
- Diagnostic criteria: Minimum of five symptoms are needed for a diagnosis.
- Interpretation bias: Depression is associated with critical self-judgment.
Anxiety Disorders
- Types: Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder.
- Cognitive theory (Clark and Beck): Catastrophic misinterpretations create vicious cycles.
- Anxious cognition: Attributing physical sensations to events.
- Resultant behaviour: Avoidance reinforces feelings.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Also known as combat fatigue (pre-1980).
- Anxiety disorder resulting from extreme trauma (physical or psychological).
- Symptoms: Intrusive symptoms (flashbacks), negative cognitions (inability to remember).
- Memory is key: Classic conditioning is involved.
- Cause: Environmental.
- Dual representation theory (Brewin et al., 1996): Dissociation between memory and snapshots of events.
Schizophrenia
- Symptoms: Two or more symptoms, including delusions and hallucinations.
- Hallucinations: Sensory experiences; auditory most common.
- Delusions: Common in hospitalized patients (75%). Types include control and reference delusions.
- Cognitive theory: Attributional bias – tendency to attribute negative life events to external causes.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- Obsessions: Intrusive, ego-dystonic thoughts (thoughts that are not part of your normal self).
- Compulsions: Repetitive behaviours (mental rituals) to neutralize stress from obsessions.
- Symptom dimensions: Checking, ordering, cleaning.
- Cognitive model (Skavolski): Spontaneous thoughts and inflated responsibility lead to compulsions.
- Common cognitive themes: Beliefs, vicious cycles, rumination.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cognition and various mental disorders such as depression, anxiety disorders, and PTSD. Explore key concepts like Beck's theory of depression and cognitive theories of anxiety. This quiz covers emotional features, symptoms, and diagnostic criteria related to these mental health issues.
