Difference between enzyme types

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a coenzyme?

Heme

NADH (correct)

Metal ions

Biotin

Which of the following is a characteristic of a prosthetic group?

It can shuttle between enzymes

It is an inorganic molecule

It is an integral part of the enzyme's structure (correct)

It is loosely bound to the enzyme

Which of the following statements about cofactors is true?

Cofactors can be tightly or loosely bound to the enzyme (correct)

Cofactors are non-essential for enzyme activity

Cofactors are always organic molecules

Cofactors are only inorganic molecules

Which of the following is a characteristic of a coenzyme?

Coenzymes are non-protein molecules or ions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a cofactor?

Cofactors are non-protein molecules or ions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a prosthetic group?

Prosthetic groups are permanently attached to enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a coenzyme?

NADH Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a cofactor?

Metal ions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a prosthetic group?

Heme Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about coenzymes?

Coenzymes can transfer chemical groups between enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about cofactors?

Cofactors can transfer chemical groups between enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about prosthetic groups?

Prosthetic groups are loosely bound to enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about apoenzyme and coenzyme?

Apoenzyme + coenzyme = Holoenzyme. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a coenzyme?

Coenzymes are non-protein molecules or ions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a prosthetic group?

Heme Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about cofactors?

Cofactors are mobile and can transfer chemical groups between enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about prosthetic groups?

Prosthetic groups are tightly and permanently attached to enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a coenzyme?

Coenzyme Q10 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a cofactor?

Cofactors are inorganic molecules. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about coenzymes?

Coenzymes are non-protein molecules or ions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about apoenzyme and coenzyme?

Apoenzyme and coenzyme interact to form the functional enzyme. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a prosthetic group?

Prosthetic groups are tightly bound to enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a cofactor?

NADH Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cofactors and Coenzymes

Coenzymes: non-protein molecules that bind to enzymes, assisting in catalysis, and are often derivatives of vitamins
Cofactors: ions or molecules that bind to enzymes, enabling catalysis, and can be metal ions, vitamins, or derived from vitamins
Prosthetic groups: tightly bound molecules, often covalently attached, that are integral to the enzyme's active site and involved in catalysis

Characteristics of Coenzymes

Loose binding to the enzyme, allowing for easy removal and reattachment
Can be used multiple times, recycled, or re-synthesized
Often involved in group transfer reactions, redox reactions, or acid-base catalysis

Characteristics of Cofactors

Can be inorganic ions, such as metal ions (e.g., Fe, Zn, Cu), or organic molecules (e.g., vitamins, flavins)
Bind to the enzyme, often with varying degrees of strength, to facilitate catalysis
Can be tightly bound (prosthetic group) or loosely bound (coenzyme-like)

Characteristics of Prosthetic Groups

Tightly bound to the enzyme, often covalently attached
Integral to the enzyme's active site, involved in catalysis
Examples include flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and heme groups

True Statements about Coenzymes, Cofactors, and Prosthetic Groups

Apoenzyme (enzyme without cofactor) + coenzyme = active enzyme
Coenzymes can be removed and reattached to the enzyme
Cofactors can be metal ions, vitamins, or derived from vitamins
Prosthetic groups are tightly bound to the enzyme and involved in catalysis

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Description

Test your knowledge on the differences between coenzymes, cofactors, and prosthetic groups in this informative quiz. Learn about their distinct characteristics and roles in enzyme function.