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Questions and Answers
In a communication system, what is the primary role of power amplifiers?
In a communication system, what is the primary role of power amplifiers?
- To decode the received signal and convert it back to its original form.
- To filter out unwanted noise from the signal before transmission.
- To boost the modulator output to achieve the power level required for effective transmission. (correct)
- To modulate the signal by varying its amplitude or frequency.
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between bandwidth and signal distortion?
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between bandwidth and signal distortion?
- Higher bandwidth invariably reduces signal distortion by accommodating more signal components.
- Lower bandwidth invariably increases signal distortion due to the loss of signal frequency components. (correct)
- The relationship between bandwidth and distortion is constant.
- Bandwidth has no impact on signal distortion; distortion is solely determined by noise levels.
Why is the choice of bandwidth considered a tradeoff in communication systems?
Why is the choice of bandwidth considered a tradeoff in communication systems?
- Bandwidth has no effect on either the transmission rate or noise levels.
- Increasing bandwidth decreases the rate of transmission, but reduces noise.
- Decreasing bandwidth increases the rate of transmission and reduces noise.
- Increasing bandwidth increases the rate of transmission, but also allows more noise to pass. (correct)
According to the Shannon-Hartley theorem, what are the two primary factors that determine the channel capacity?
According to the Shannon-Hartley theorem, what are the two primary factors that determine the channel capacity?
Using the Shannon-Hartley theorem, if a communication channel has a bandwidth of 3000 Hz and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 1023, what is its channel capacity?
Using the Shannon-Hartley theorem, if a communication channel has a bandwidth of 3000 Hz and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 1023, what is its channel capacity?
Which of the following correctly describes the role of a transmitter in a communication system?
Which of the following correctly describes the role of a transmitter in a communication system?
A communication system's primary function is to:
A communication system's primary function is to:
Which of the following is NOT typically a component found within a transmitter?
Which of the following is NOT typically a component found within a transmitter?
In the context of a transmitter, what is the role of the radio-frequency oscillator?
In the context of a transmitter, what is the role of the radio-frequency oscillator?
A student needs assistance with course material outside of scheduled lecture times. According to the information provided, which of the following is the MOST reliable way for the student to contact the instructor?
A student needs assistance with course material outside of scheduled lecture times. According to the information provided, which of the following is the MOST reliable way for the student to contact the instructor?
Which of the following topics is covered in the course COE 241?
Which of the following topics is covered in the course COE 241?
Consider a communication system where the message is an image. Which of the following steps is essential for successful communication?
Consider a communication system where the message is an image. Which of the following steps is essential for successful communication?
A communication engineer is tasked with improving the bit error rate (BER) of a digital communication system. According to the course objectives, which modulation scheme should they MOST likely investigate?
A communication engineer is tasked with improving the bit error rate (BER) of a digital communication system. According to the course objectives, which modulation scheme should they MOST likely investigate?
A communication system consists of several key components working in harmony. Which of the following is NOT considered a primary main component of a typical communication system?
A communication system consists of several key components working in harmony. Which of the following is NOT considered a primary main component of a typical communication system?
A signal is transmitted and then experiences significant attenuation. To compensate, which component in the transmitter is primarily responsible for boosting the signal strength before transmission?
A signal is transmitted and then experiences significant attenuation. To compensate, which component in the transmitter is primarily responsible for boosting the signal strength before transmission?
A student wants to design a circuit to isolate high-frequency noise from a sensor signal. According to the course objectives, which type of circuit should the student MOST likely design?
A student wants to design a circuit to isolate high-frequency noise from a sensor signal. According to the course objectives, which type of circuit should the student MOST likely design?
In a communication system, after the message signal is generated (e.g., voice, image, video, text, computer data), which process MUST occur next for successful signal transmission through a channel?
In a communication system, after the message signal is generated (e.g., voice, image, video, text, computer data), which process MUST occur next for successful signal transmission through a channel?
During which lectures are AM, FM, and PM modulation techniques discussed, according to the provided course outline?
During which lectures are AM, FM, and PM modulation techniques discussed, according to the provided course outline?
A student is assigned a project requiring them to build a circuit that ensures maximum power transfer between two components with different impedance values. Which concept learned in the course will be MOST applicable to this project?
A student is assigned a project requiring them to build a circuit that ensures maximum power transfer between two components with different impedance values. Which concept learned in the course will be MOST applicable to this project?
Which of the following core topics is included in the course content for Communication Systems?
Which of the following core topics is included in the course content for Communication Systems?
A final year student is doing research which involves reducing signal reflections and maximizing power transfer in a communication system. Knowledge from which area will be MOST useful for the student?
A final year student is doing research which involves reducing signal reflections and maximizing power transfer in a communication system. Knowledge from which area will be MOST useful for the student?
A voice telephone channel has a bandwidth of 3400 Hz and a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 20 dB. What is the maximum channel capacity, rounded to the nearest thousand?
A voice telephone channel has a bandwidth of 3400 Hz and a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 20 dB. What is the maximum channel capacity, rounded to the nearest thousand?
What is the primary purpose of employing multiple-level encoding schemes?
What is the primary purpose of employing multiple-level encoding schemes?
A communication channel with a bandwidth of 6.25 kHz achieves a channel capacity of 51.9 kbps using multiple coding levels. Determine the number of coding levels (N) utilized to attain this capacity.
A communication channel with a bandwidth of 6.25 kHz achieves a channel capacity of 51.9 kbps using multiple coding levels. Determine the number of coding levels (N) utilized to attain this capacity.
Which of the following options is an example of one-way (simplex) electronic communication?
Which of the following options is an example of one-way (simplex) electronic communication?
Which type of electronic communication allows simultaneous two-way transmission of data?
Which type of electronic communication allows simultaneous two-way transmission of data?
What distinguishes half-duplex communication from full-duplex communication?
What distinguishes half-duplex communication from full-duplex communication?
Consider a channel with a bandwidth of 4 kHz and a signal-to-noise ratio of 1023. According to the Shannon-Hartley theorem, what is the channel capacity?
Consider a channel with a bandwidth of 4 kHz and a signal-to-noise ratio of 1023. According to the Shannon-Hartley theorem, what is the channel capacity?
A channel has a capacity of 20,000 bps and a bandwidth of 5 kHz. What signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is required to achieve this capacity, according to the Shannon-Hartley theorem?
A channel has a capacity of 20,000 bps and a bandwidth of 5 kHz. What signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is required to achieve this capacity, according to the Shannon-Hartley theorem?
Flashcards
Communication System
Communication System
A system designed to transmit information from a source to a destination.
Signals
Signals
Mathematical representations of physical phenomena, often decomposed into simpler components for analysis.
Systems
Systems
Processes that modify or transform signals, often characterized by their impulse response or transfer function.
Modulation
Modulation
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Amplitude Modulation (AM)
Amplitude Modulation (AM)
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Frequency Modulation (FM)
Frequency Modulation (FM)
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Phase Modulation (PM)
Phase Modulation (PM)
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Filters
Filters
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Communication
Communication
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Power Amplifiers
Power Amplifiers
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Message Signal Generation
Message Signal Generation
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Communication Channel
Communication Channel
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Bandwidth (B)
Bandwidth (B)
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Encoding
Encoding
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Transmission
Transmission
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Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
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Decoding
Decoding
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Shannon-Hartley Theorem
Shannon-Hartley Theorem
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Communication Block
Communication Block
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Transmitter
Transmitter
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Radio-Frequency Oscillator
Radio-Frequency Oscillator
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dB to Power Ratio Conversion
dB to Power Ratio Conversion
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Shannon-Hartley Formula
Shannon-Hartley Formula
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Converting log₂ to log₁₀
Converting log₂ to log₁₀
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Multiple-Level Encoding
Multiple-Level Encoding
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Channel Capacity with Encoding Levels
Channel Capacity with Encoding Levels
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Simplex Communication
Simplex Communication
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Duplex Communication
Duplex Communication
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Study Notes
- COE 241: Communication Systems is taught at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Instructor
- Dr. Bright Yeboah-Akowuah teaches the course
- Email: [email protected]
- Email: [email protected]
- Phone: 0240728535
- Office: Vodafone building Room 420
- Office Hours: Mondays 12pm – 4pm
- Website : www.bryeak.co.uk
Course Objectives
After taking this course, students will be able to:
- Describe the components of modern communication systems
- Explain linear systems and signal processing techniques
- Explain analog modulation (AM), angular modulation (FM & PM)
- Demonstrate the basic principles of modulation and demodulation used in radio communication systems
- Design simple impedance matching networks and low-pass & high-pass filters to meet a given specification
- Investigate the bit error rate (BER) and symbol error rate (SER) performance of M-PSK modulation schemes
Course Content
- Introduction to Communication System
- Signals and Systems
- Modulations: AM, FM and PM
- Analog, Pulse and Digital Communications
- Filters
Course Outline
- Lecture 1: Introduction to Communication System
- Lectures 2-3: Signals and Systems
- Lectures 4-5: Modulations: AM, FM and PM
- Lectures 6-7: Pulse and Digital Communications
- Lectures 8-9: Filters
Reading List
- Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 4th ed., B.P. Lathi, Oxford University Press, 2009
- Introduction to Analog and Digital Communications, S. Haykin and M. Moher, Wiley, 2nd edition, 2007
- Digital Communication, J. G. Proakis and M Salehi, McGraw-Hill, 5th edition, 2008
- Principles of Electronic Communication Systems, L. E. Frenzel Jr., McGraw-Hill Education, 4th ed., 2016, ISBN 978007337385-0
Marks Distribution
- Attendance: 5% (all lectures must be attended)
- Assignments: 5%
- Mid-Semester: 20%
- Final Examination: 70%
Introduction To Communication Systems
- Communication systems transmit information from one point to another
- These systems involve processes such as message signal generation (voice, image, video, text, computer data), message encoding, encoded message transmission, and original message decoding with reproduction.
- The three main components of a communication system are: Transmitter, Channel, and Receiver
Transmitter
- Electronic components and circuits designed to convert the electrical signal to a signal suitable for transmission over a given communication medium.
- Transmitters components include: oscillators, amplifiers, tuned circuits and filters, modulators, frequency mixers, frequency synthesizers
- Transmitters typically involve carrier generation, modulation, amplification, with coupling to an antenna by cable or waveguide
- The radio-frequency oscillator is the carrier source, sometimes known as the master oscillator, unlike local oscillators in receivers
- Power amplifiers boost the modulator output to the necessary power level for transmission
Communication Channel
- The communication channel is the medium that sends the electronic signal from one point to another
- Wire conductors, fiber-optic cable, and free space are examples of such media
Channel constraints
- Bandwidth (B) refers to the specific portion of the frequency spectrum that a signal occupies
- Bandwidth also refers to the difference between a signals upper and lower frequency limits
- A higher bandwidth results in greater cost
- A lower bandwidth leads to distortion
- Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) refers to how noise affects received signal quality
- Noise cannot be totally eliminated but its effect can be minimized
- Increasing bandwidth increases the rate of transmission but also allows more noise to pass, so the choice of a bandwidth is a tradeoff
Shannon-Hartley Theorem
- Determines how fast information can be transferred over a communication channel
- States that the channel capacity is given by: C = B log2 (1+ S/N)
- C: channel capacity, measured in bits per second
- B: bandwidth, measured in Hertz
- S/N: signal-to-noise ratio (convert to power ratio if in dB)
Multiple Coding Levels
- Channel capacity can be modified by using multiple-level encoding schemes that permit more bits per symbol to be transmitted.
- Equation: C = 2B log₂ N
- B refers to the channel bandwidth
- N refers to the number of different encoding levels per time interval.
Types of Electronic Communication
- One-way (simplex)
- Two-way (full duplex or half duplex) transmissions
- Analog or digital signals
Simplex
- One-way communication
- Ex: TV broadcasting
Duplex
- Two way communication, simultaneous two way traffic
- Ex: telephone conversation
Half Duplex
- Form of two-way communication in which only one party transmits at a time
- Parties take turns in transmitting and receiving
Analog Signal
- Continuous time-varying waveform
- Ex: voltage, current, voice signals
Digital Signal
- Discrete time signal.
- Deals with on/off, 1/0 situations
- Data used in computers are digital and use mainly binary or two-state codes
- Ex: telegraph (Morse code), serial binary code
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