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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason for modulating an analog signal?
What is the primary reason for modulating an analog signal?
- To improve its amplitude characteristics.
- To match the signal with a baseband medium.
- To transmit it over a bandpass channel. (correct)
- To convert it to a digital signal.
How is the bandwidth required for Amplitude Modulation (AM) calculated?
How is the bandwidth required for Amplitude Modulation (AM) calculated?
- BAM = B
- BAM = 2B (correct)
- BAM = βB
- BAM = 4B
What does Frequency Modulation (FM) primarily change in the carrier signal?
What does Frequency Modulation (FM) primarily change in the carrier signal?
- The waveform of the signal.
- The frequency of the signal. (correct)
- The phase of the signal.
- The amplitude of the signal.
What is the typical bandwidth requirement for Frequency Modulation (FM)?
What is the typical bandwidth requirement for Frequency Modulation (FM)?
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Which of the following statements about Phase Modulation (PM) is true?
Which of the following statements about Phase Modulation (PM) is true?
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Study Notes
Analog-to-Analog Conversion
- Represents analog information using an analog signal.
- Modulation is necessary if the transmission medium is bandpass or only a bandpass channel is available.
- Includes Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM), and Phase Modulation (PM).
Amplitude Modulation (AM)
- Modulates only the amplitude of the carrier signal.
- The modulating signal forms the carrier's envelope.
- Requires a bandwidth of 2B, where B is the modulating signal's bandwidth.
- Due to spectral symmetry around the carrier frequency (fc), half the bandwidth can be discarded, reducing transmission bandwidth.
Frequency Modulation (FM)
- The modulating signal alters the carrier signal's frequency (fc).
- Has a significantly higher bandwidth than AM.
- Bandwidth is approximately 10 times the signal frequency.
- Total bandwidth: BFM = 2(1 + β)B, where β is typically 4.
Phase Modulation (PM)
- The modulating signal changes only the phase of the carrier signal.
- This phase change indirectly affects frequency, with instantaneous frequency change proportional to the modulating signal's amplitude derivative.
- Bandwidth is higher than AM.
- Total bandwidth: BPM = 2(1 + β)B, where β is often 2.
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