Research methodology: introduction to qualitative research

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6 Questions

What is the primary goal of Grounded Theory in analyzing qualitative data?

To generate a theory that explains the phenomenon being studied

What type of coding involves using participants' own words or phrases?

In-vivo codes

Which approach to analyzing qualitative data focuses on language and communication as social practices?

Discourse Analysis

What method of coding involves using software to aid in the coding process?

Computer-assisted coding

What is the main difference between Content Analysis and other qualitative data analysis approaches?

It uses quantitative methods to analyze qualitative data

Which stage of Grounded Theory involves writing memos to track ideas and insights?

Memoing

Study Notes

Coding

  • Involves assigning labels or codes to qualitative data to identify patterns and themes
  • Codes can be:
    • In-vivo codes: use participants' own words or phrases
    • Descriptive codes: summarize content of data
    • Analytical codes: identify concepts, themes, or patterns
  • Coding can be:
    • Manual: done by researcher manually
    • Computer-assisted: uses software to aid in coding

Grounded Theory

  • Approach to analyzing qualitative data that involves:
    • Coding: initial, focused, and theoretical
    • Memoing: writing memos to track ideas and insights
    • Theorizing: developing theories from data
  • Goal is to generate a theory that explains the phenomenon being studied
  • Involves constant comparison of data and refinement of theory
  • Theory emerges from data, rather than being imposed upon it

Discourse Analysis

  • Focuses on language and communication as social practices
  • Examines how language is used to construct and negotiate meaning
  • Analyzes:
    • Texts: written or spoken language
    • Discourses: systems of thought that shape language and action
  • Goals include:
    • Identifying dominant discourses and power relations
    • Revealing underlying ideologies and assumptions
    • Challenging dominant discourses and promoting social change

Content Analysis

  • Quantitative approach to analyzing qualitative data
  • Involves:
    • Identifying and coding units of analysis (e.g. words, phrases, themes)
    • Counting and recording frequencies of coded units
    • Analyzing frequencies to identify patterns and trends
  • Can be used to:
    • Identify dominant themes or messages
    • Compare content across different sources or time periods
    • Evaluate effectiveness of communication campaigns

Thematic Analysis

  • Identifies, codes, and categorizes themes within qualitative data
  • Involves:
    • Coding: identifying initial codes and themes
    • Theme development: refining and organizing codes into themes
    • Theme reporting: presenting results and interpreting themes
  • Can be used to:
    • Identify patterns and themes across data
    • Develop theories or explanations for phenomena
    • Inform policy, practice, or intervention developments

Coding

  • Assigns labels or codes to qualitative data to identify patterns and themes
  • Three types of codes:
    • In-vivo codes: use participants' own words or phrases
    • Descriptive codes: summarize content of data
    • Analytical codes: identify concepts, themes, or patterns
  • Coding can be done manually or with computer-assisted software

Grounded Theory

  • Approach to analyzing qualitative data that involves coding, memoing, and theorizing
  • Goal is to generate a theory that explains the phenomenon being studied
  • Involves constant comparison of data and refinement of theory
  • Theory emerges from data, rather than being imposed upon it

Discourse Analysis

  • Focuses on language and communication as social practices
  • Examines how language is used to construct and negotiate meaning
  • Analyzes texts and discourses (systems of thought that shape language and action)
  • Goals include identifying dominant discourses, power relations, and underlying ideologies

Content Analysis

  • Quantitative approach to analyzing qualitative data
  • Involves identifying and coding units of analysis, counting frequencies, and analyzing patterns
  • Can be used to identify dominant themes, compare content, and evaluate communication campaigns

Thematic Analysis

  • Identifies, codes, and categorizes themes within qualitative data
  • Involves coding, theme development, and theme reporting
  • Can be used to identify patterns, develop theories, and inform policy or practice developments

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