Qualitative Research Methods

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the role of hierarchical arrays in qualitative research?

  • To provide a detailed summary of participant demographics.
  • To statistically analyze numerical data.
  • To visually represent the relationships between different themes. (correct)
  • To arrange data chronologically for easy retrieval.

What differentiates participant observation from other observational methods?

  • It relies solely on video recordings for data collection.
  • The researcher interacts directly with the group being observed. (correct)
  • It occurs in a controlled environment.
  • It is primarily used in quantitative studies.

Which of the following is the most accurate description of 'disassembling' data in qualitative analysis?

  • The act of reorganizing data to fit a predetermined hypothesis.
  • The use of statistical software to remove outliers.
  • The technique of breaking down data into smaller, meaningful parts. (correct)
  • The process of randomly discarding irrelevant data points.

Why is establishing rapport considered a prerequisite for effective data collection?

<p>It ensures participants provide honest and detailed responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of interpreting qualitative data, what does 'a description plus a call for action' entail?

<p>It combines detailed observations with advocacy for policy change. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do 'reflective notes' contribute to the rigor of qualitative research?

<p>They document the researcher’s personal thoughts and insights on the observations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In qualitative research, what is the purpose of first-order coding?

<p>Assigning labels to data. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transcribing spoken data in qualitative research?

<p>To convert spoken data into text format. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is least aligned with the practice of 'collating' data?

<p>Discarding unrelated responses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do open-ended questions play in data collection?

<p>They require an explanation, elaboration, or example. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an analytic memo?

<p>Analyze qualitative data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the final step in qualitative data analysis?

<p>Interpretation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the use of coding in research?

<p>Coding is used in both qualitative and quantitative research. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is thematic analysis?

<p>Summarizing qualitative data by grouping similiar responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In research, why would one disassemble data?

<p>Before analyzing patterns and themes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of reassembling data?

<p>The emergence of patterns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the conclusion of a study achieve?

<p>Connect findings to research objectives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information is contained within reflective notes?

<p>Researcher's personal reflections on observations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of interpreting data?

<p>To provide meaning to research findings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a form of qualitative compilation?

<p>Creating tables of numerical data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Database in research

A set of systematically arranged records used in research.

Practical recommendation

Concerned with the direct impact and application to real-life situations.

Third-order coding

The highest level of coding in qualitative data analysis.

First-order coding

Involves assigning initial labels to segments of data.

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Hierarchical arrays

Represent relationships and connections between different themes in data.

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Disassembling

The process of breaking down data into smaller, more manageable units.

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Unstructured Interview

Interview where the interviewer can ask any question related to the research topic.

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Objective of coding data

Makes retrieving important information easier during qualitative data analysis.

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Transcribing Data

Text representation of spoken data from recordings or interviews.

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Collating

Collecting, combining, reviewing, and organizing data.

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Labeling audio participants

First step in converting spoken data to text.

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Establishing Rapport

Necessary for successful data collection by building trust.

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Controlled observation

Occurs in specifically designed settings to minimize outside influences.

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Open-ended Questions

Questions that require detailed explanations, elaborations, or examples.

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Summary section

Highlights the most important findings and conclusions.

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Interview Questionnaire

Most common instrument for gathering data in qualitative research.

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Emergence of patterns

The primary result of reassembling data after initial coding.

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Coding

Providing insightful, meaningful labels to collected data.

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Thematic analysis

Summarizing qualitative data by grouping similar responses together.

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Interpretation

Final stage of qualitative data analysis, deriving conclusions.

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Study Notes

  • A research database is a set of systematically arranged records.
  • Practical recommendations relate to real-life implications.
  • Third-order coding represents the highest level of coding.
  • First-order coding involves assigning labels to data.
  • Concluding is the final step in qualitative research.
  • Hierarchical arrays illustrate relationships between themes and can organize patterns in data.
  • Disassembling breaks data into smaller segments or meaningful parts.
  • Unstructured interviews allow the interviewer to ask any question about a research topic.
  • The purpose of coding data is to retrieve information easily.
  • Qualitative data analysis does not involve generating statistics.
  • Transcribing data converts spoken data into text format.
  • Collating includes collecting, combining, reviewing, and organizing data.
  • Labeling audio participants is the first step in transcribing interview data.
  • Discarding unrelated responses is not part of collating interview data.
  • Establishing rapport with respondents is necessary for data collection.
  • Controlled observation occurs in a controlled environment.
  • Open-ended questions need an explanation, elaboration, or example.
  • The summary section of a research paper highlights the key findings.
  • Interview questionnaires are the most commonly used research instrument in qualitative research.
  • The emergence of patterns results from reassembling data.
  • A description plus a call for action interprets qualitative data and includes advocacy for policy change.
  • Interpreting data aims to provide meaning to research findings.
  • Discarding incomplete responses is not a step in transcribing survey data.
  • Qualitative data compilation does not involve creating tables of numerical data.
  • Assigning codes to data is not part of compiling data.
  • Analyzing survey responses is not a prerequisite for data collection.
  • The concluding section of a research paper highlights key research outcomes.
  • Descriptive notes detail the physical attributes of the setting and observed behaviors.
  • Coding is assigning meaningful labels to collected data.
  • Thematic analysis groups similar responses to summarize qualitative data.
  • Interpretation is the final phase of qualitative data analysis, deriving conclusions.
  • The three modes of interpreting data include description, explanation, and a call for action.
  • Reflective notes capture the researcher’s personal reflections on observations.
  • Data organization systematically arranges data for easy retrieval.
  • Data analysis is the qualitative phase for discovering themes.
  • Transcription converts recorded interviews into written formats.
  • Drawing a conclusion is the final step in qualitative research.
  • Analytic memos are used for qualitative, not quantitative, data analysis.
  • Reflective notes include personal thoughts.
  • Disassembling data precedes analyzing themes and patterns.
  • Open-ended questions require explanations, not just yes or no answers.
  • Participant observation involves interaction with the observed group.
  • Semi-structured interviews are commonly used in qualitative research.
  • Thematic analysis is a common technique in qualitative research.
  • Coding is used in both qualitative and quantitative research.
  • The conclusion of a study must connect findings to research objectives.

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