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Questions and Answers
What is code-mixing or code-switching?
What is code-mixing or code-switching?
Code-switching or code-mixing is a linguistic feature whereby the user switches or mixes linguistic codes in such a way as to fulfil a communicative purpose in a conversation.
In some speech communities, code-switching and mixing has become a linguistic code on its own right.
In some speech communities, code-switching and mixing has become a linguistic code on its own right.
True (A)
What is code-mixing referring to, according to Muysken (2001:1)?
What is code-mixing referring to, according to Muysken (2001:1)?
- The use of lexical items and grammatical features from two languages within one sentence. (correct)
- Communicating with a person using a language they are more comfortable with.
- The use of body language to convey information.
- The rapid succession of several languages in a single speech event.
- An expression that is only understood by a specific group of people.
Code-switching and mixing can only occur between 2 languages, and not multiple languages.
Code-switching and mixing can only occur between 2 languages, and not multiple languages.
Code-switching and mixing is dependant on geographical location.
Code-switching and mixing is dependant on geographical location.
Give a brief example of how Moroccans may code-switch in their communication strategies.
Give a brief example of how Moroccans may code-switch in their communication strategies.
How do Moroccans living abroad use code-switching and mixing?
How do Moroccans living abroad use code-switching and mixing?
Why are code-switchers and mixers skilled in the art of communication?
Why are code-switchers and mixers skilled in the art of communication?
What is metaphorical code-switching?
What is metaphorical code-switching?
Code-switching and mixing is a relatively new phenomenon.
Code-switching and mixing is a relatively new phenomenon.
Code-switching and mixing between H and L varieties is becoming more prevalent in the Moroccan linguistic landscape.
Code-switching and mixing between H and L varieties is becoming more prevalent in the Moroccan linguistic landscape.
How does code-switching of the kind discussed in this text differ from diglossia?
How does code-switching of the kind discussed in this text differ from diglossia?
Code-switching and mixing is generally perceived as a weakness.
Code-switching and mixing is generally perceived as a weakness.
What are some of the socio-cultural functions that code-switching and mixing fulfill?
What are some of the socio-cultural functions that code-switching and mixing fulfill?
Codeswitching is the same thing as borrowing.
Codeswitching is the same thing as borrowing.
In the past, code-switching was often seen as a negative trait.
In the past, code-switching was often seen as a negative trait.
The text suggests that attitudes towards code-switching are becoming more positive.
The text suggests that attitudes towards code-switching are becoming more positive.
What is the significance of the figures presented in the text?
What is the significance of the figures presented in the text?
Flashcards
Code-switching / Code-mixing
Code-switching / Code-mixing
Use of two or more linguistic codes in a conversation to fulfill a specific communicative purpose. This can be influenced by social, cultural, psychological, phonological, and morphosyntactic factors.
Code-switching community
Code-switching community
A speech community where code-switching or code-mixing is so common it becomes a linguistic code in itself.
Code-mixing
Code-mixing
A situation where lexical items and grammatical features from two different languages appear within a single sentence.
Code-switching
Code-switching
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Universality of code-switching
Universality of code-switching
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Multilingual communication strategy
Multilingual communication strategy
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Contextual variation in code-switching
Contextual variation in code-switching
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Code-switching as a message signal
Code-switching as a message signal
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Code-switching in Moroccan society (Morocco)
Code-switching in Moroccan society (Morocco)
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Code-switching in Moroccan society (Abroad)
Code-switching in Moroccan society (Abroad)
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Code-switching and identity
Code-switching and identity
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Metaphorical code-switching
Metaphorical code-switching
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Conversation drives code-switching
Conversation drives code-switching
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Code-switching in diglossic societies
Code-switching in diglossic societies
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Subconscious code-switching
Subconscious code-switching
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Perceptions of code-switching
Perceptions of code-switching
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Socio-cultural functions of code-switching
Socio-cultural functions of code-switching
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Borrowing
Borrowing
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Prevalence of code-switching
Prevalence of code-switching
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Acceptance of code-switching
Acceptance of code-switching
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Historical context of code-switching
Historical context of code-switching
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Code-switching expertise
Code-switching expertise
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Situational code-switching
Situational code-switching
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Code-switching and social dynamics
Code-switching and social dynamics
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Code-switching research
Code-switching research
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Code-switching in a globalized world
Code-switching in a globalized world
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Code-switching and intercultural communication
Code-switching and intercultural communication
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Significance of code-switching
Significance of code-switching
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Study Notes
Code Switching and Mixing
- Code-switching or code-mixing is a linguistic practice where speakers alternate or blend languages to achieve a communicative goal.
- The purpose of switching or mixing is determined by several key factors including social, cultural, psychological, phonological, and morphosyntactic cues.
- In many communities, code-switching is so common it's considered a language in its own right.
- Muysken (2001) defines code-mixing as using elements from two languages in one sentence, while code-switching refers to rapidly alternating between languages in a conversation.
- Jamai (2010) views code-switching and mixing as encompassing both inter-sentence and intra-sentence instances of using multiple languages.
- Code-switching and mixing aren't geographically-bound but are prevalent in many speech communities.
- Moroccans, in both Morocco and abroad, frequently utilize code-switching as a standard communication technique.
- Communication techniques for code-switching in Moroccans might differ depending on social status, cultural backgrounds, and location (Morocco vs. abroad)
Linguistic Strategies and Attitudes
- Code-switching and mixing demonstrate a speaker's linguistic strategy and attitude in conveying a message.
- The use of code-switching between Moroccan Arabic and French, for instance, can suggest an educated, westernized, and sophisticated individual.
- For Moroccans abroad where communication needs arise, code-switching serves as a bridge to communicate between different language generations.
- Speakers in multilingual contexts may switch codes based on situational needs, known as metaphorical code-switching (Wardhaugh, 1986).
- Code-switching is more than just a communication tool; it also reflects community solidarity and self-projection.
Borrowing vs. Code-Switching
- Code-switching is distinct from borrowing, which involves the assimilation of foreign lexicon and structures into another language, as defined by Nait M’Barek and Sankoff (1988).
Observations on Code Switching
- Bentahila (1983) noted that most respondents felt some level of regret for code-switching.
- Findings suggest that a significant number (24.7% and 58.8%) of participants experienced code-switching behaviour with their interlocutors in their conversations
- These studies highlight the perceived shift in attitudes towards code switching in different contexts.
- In some cases, code-switching may be seen a linguistic skill, while in other views it can be associated with a weakness in mastering a single language.
- Code-switching is determined by factors in the flow of the conversation itself and the needs for effective communication.
- Wardhaugh (1986) discusses the process of code-switching as being driven by the dynamic flow of a conversation.
- Diglossia, a linguistic setting with formal and informal language varieties, often results in a conscious switch between different types of languages. In contrast, code-switching often happens subconsciously, without the speaker being fully aware they have changed vocabulary.
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