40 Questions
What is the primary function of membrane proteins in viral attachment?
To recognize and bind to specific receptors on the host cell surface
What type of viruses are endocytosed upon receptor binding and transported along cytoskeletal filaments?
Non-enveloped viruses
What triggers the disassembly of the viral capsid during uncoating?
Endosomal pH changes
What is the primary function of the first viral proteins synthesized during replication?
To catalyze the replication of viral proteins
What type of folding patterns or internal ribosome entry sites facilitate the encoding of multiple proteins by viral mRNA?
Both specific folding patterns and internal ribosome entry sites (IRES)
What is the result of the uncoating process during viral infection?
The release of the viral genome into the host cytoplasm
What is the role of proteoglycans in viral attachment?
To serve as a receptor for viral attachment
What is the primary difference between enveloped and non-enveloped viruses?
The mechanism of genome release into the host cytoplasm
What percentage of newborns are affected by oropharyngeal candidiasis?
5%
Which of the following is a common symptom of oropharyngeal candidiasis?
Burning sensation
What is the name of the infection that occurs underneath the nails, causing them to weaken and produce too much nail debris?
Chronic Candida Onychomycosis
Which of the following is a characteristic of macroscopic appearance of Candida?
Raised, cream-colored, opaque, and 1-2 mm
What is the name of the infection that occurs in the fingernails, especially around the cuticle area?
Paronychia
Which of the following conditions is associated with cutaneous candidiasis?
All of the above
What is the name of the medium used to differentiate Candida species?
Chromagar Candida
What is the name of the infection that occurs in the folds of skin, such as the axillary area, groin, and submammary folds?
Intertrigo
What is the primary function of alveolar macrophages in the initial host defenses against Coccidioidomycosis?
To inactivate conidia and induce robust immune response
What is the morphology of the hyphae of Coccidioides spp.?
Septate
What is the outcome when arthroconidia are inhaled by a susceptible host?
They settle into the lungs and transform into spherules
What is the size range of arthroconidia?
2-4 um in diameter
What happens when a spherule ruptures?
The endospores are released and disseminate within surrounding tissue
What is the difference between Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii?
Coccidioides immitis = “California” spp. and Coccidioides posadasii = “Non-California” spp.
What is the purpose of endospores in the life cycle of Coccidioides spp.?
To develop into new spherules
What triggers the morphologic change from arthroconidia to spherules?
Change in environment (37°C)
What type of environment is introduced when covering the cut portion with a coverslip?
Microaerophilic environment
At what temperature and duration are the agar plates incubated?
25-30°C for 24-48 hours
What is the characteristic of the GERM TUBE?
Hypha-like extension with no constriction at the point of origin
What is the primarily infected site in Cryptococcal meningitis?
Brain
Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of Cryptococcosis?
Dermatitis
What is the primary mode of transmission of Cryptococcus spp.?
Inhalation
Which of the following is a characteristic of C.albicans?
Spherical clusters at regular intervals on pseudohyphae
Which of the following is the etiologic agent primarily present in soil contaminated with bird droppings?
C.neoformans
What is the purpose of sheep's RBCs coated with antibodies in the coccidioidin antigen test?
To lyse in the presence of complement
What is the treatment for mild, self-limiting cases of coccidioidomycosis?
Supportive care
What is the primary source of infection for histoplasmosis?
Bird droppings
What is the typical progression of histoplasmosis?
Chronic granulomatous infection that begins in the lungs and may disseminate
What is the typical manifestation of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis?
Mild symptoms that resemble tuberculosis
What is the role of complement in the coccidioidin antigen test?
To lyse sensitized RBCs
What is the typical treatment for severe cases of coccidioidomycosis?
Amphotericin B or Posaconazole
What is the primary site of infection for histoplasmosis?
Lungs
This quiz covers the biology of Coccidioidomycosis, including the initial host defenses, immune response, and environment where it's found. Learn about the role of alveolar macrophages and the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity.
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