Podcast
Questions and Answers
What major natural event occurred in 2022 that highlights issues in coastal management?
What major natural event occurred in 2022 that highlights issues in coastal management?
- 2011 Japan Earthquake
- 2004 Boxing Day Earthquake
- Hunga Tonga Hunga Volcanic Eruption (correct)
- TC Winston
Which of the following is NOT a category of issues related to Tsunamis and Storm Surges?
Which of the following is NOT a category of issues related to Tsunamis and Storm Surges?
- Ecological
- Technological (correct)
- Social
- Economic
Who among the following is involved in managing coastal zones?
Who among the following is involved in managing coastal zones?
- National Police Force
- Local Fire Department
- Department of Transport
- Fiji Navy (correct)
What is a characteristic of the coastal zone?
What is a characteristic of the coastal zone?
Which agency is primarily responsible for conservation efforts in the coastal zone?
Which agency is primarily responsible for conservation efforts in the coastal zone?
Which factor complicates current management of coastal areas?
Which factor complicates current management of coastal areas?
What is crucial for effective coastal environmental management?
What is crucial for effective coastal environmental management?
Which level of authority is NOT involved in coastal management?
Which level of authority is NOT involved in coastal management?
What is one of the main reasons for increasing population in coastal areas?
What is one of the main reasons for increasing population in coastal areas?
What percentage of the population in the industrialized world lives within 60 km of the coast?
What percentage of the population in the industrialized world lives within 60 km of the coast?
What is NOT a cause of population growth in coastal regions?
What is NOT a cause of population growth in coastal regions?
How does coastal infrastructure development typically respond to population growth?
How does coastal infrastructure development typically respond to population growth?
What attracts people to coastal cities besides job opportunities?
What attracts people to coastal cities besides job opportunities?
Which resource exploitation is NOT typically associated with coastal areas?
Which resource exploitation is NOT typically associated with coastal areas?
What is characterized by physical, biological, or cultural criteria in a coastal zone?
What is characterized by physical, biological, or cultural criteria in a coastal zone?
Which of the following is considered a landward issue in coastal zone management?
Which of the following is considered a landward issue in coastal zone management?
What is a potential impact on coastal systems related to physical character?
What is a potential impact on coastal systems related to physical character?
Which seaward issue involves the extraction of resources from the marine environment?
Which seaward issue involves the extraction of resources from the marine environment?
Which impact on coastal systems involves disturbance of ecosystems?
Which impact on coastal systems involves disturbance of ecosystems?
What does coastal use conflict with according to management issues?
What does coastal use conflict with according to management issues?
What is an example of an impact on natural heritage in coastal systems?
What is an example of an impact on natural heritage in coastal systems?
Which activity is NOT a seaward issue considered in coastal zone management?
Which activity is NOT a seaward issue considered in coastal zone management?
What is the primary focus of tourism in many developing nations along the coast?
What is the primary focus of tourism in many developing nations along the coast?
Which of the following is NOT listed as an environmental issue related to tourism?
Which of the following is NOT listed as an environmental issue related to tourism?
What proportion of coastal biodiversity is currently protected in marine protected areas (MPAs)?
What proportion of coastal biodiversity is currently protected in marine protected areas (MPAs)?
Which coastal hazard is recognized as influenced by climate change?
Which coastal hazard is recognized as influenced by climate change?
What is a significant social issue related to tourism in coastal areas?
What is a significant social issue related to tourism in coastal areas?
Which infrastructure is essential for the operational support in major coastal areas?
Which infrastructure is essential for the operational support in major coastal areas?
What are the three response options identified by the IPCC for planning sea level rise?
What are the three response options identified by the IPCC for planning sea level rise?
What administrative issue complicates effective coastal management?
What administrative issue complicates effective coastal management?
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Study Notes
Coastal Management Overview
- Recent natural events, such as the 2022 Hunga Tonga volcanic eruption, TC Winston (2016), the Japan earthquake (2011), and the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami have highlighted the importance of coastal management.
- Coastal management issues are multifaceted, including social, political, economic, physical, ecological, and moral/ethical dimensions.
Impacts of Tsunamis and Storm Surges
- Social: Displacement of communities, increased public health risks.
- Political: Conflicts over resource allocation, governance challenges.
- Economic: Damage to infrastructure, loss of tourism revenue, increased insurance costs.
- Physical: Erosion, habitat destruction, alteration of landscapes.
- Ecological: Biodiversity loss, disruption of ecosystems and food chains.
- Moral/Ethical: Responsibility towards vulnerable populations, equitable resource distribution.
Coastal Zone Definition
- Coastal Zone is defined as the interaction area between air, water, and land, demonstrating environmental gradients and transition zones.
Current Management Challenges
- Numerous agencies involved in coastal management create jurisdictional overlaps and duplication of efforts.
- Various levels of authority influence coastal management, from international to local levels.
Key Agencies in Coastal Management
- Fiji Navy, Maritime Safety Authority of Fiji (MSAF), Ministry of Fisheries, Department of Lands, Department of Environment, Town and City Councils, Climate Change Division, Disasters Management Office (DISMAC), and NGOs like WCS and WWF.
Coastal Zone Management Challenges
- Landward Issues: Port developments, marinas, major commercial projects, and coastal defenses.
- Seaward Issues: Waste disposal, fishing activities, water sports, and marine resource extraction.
Environmental and Societal Impacts
- Physical Character: Landscape loss, sediment transport disruption, decline in beach quality.
- Natural Heritage: Habitat loss, ecosystem disturbance, decline in fish resources.
- Coastal Use Conflicts: Incompatibility of uses, pressure on marine services, impact on local businesses.
Population Trends
- Over 50% of the industrialized world lives within 60 km of coastlines, with urban migration contributing to growth.
- Future projections indicate an increase in coastal population due to economic opportunities and lifestyle choices.
Resource Exploitation Activities
- Coastal zones are used for aquaculture, fisheries, tourism, and various infrastructure developments due to their high economic potential.
Tourism and Recreation Dynamics
- The coastal tourism sector faces environmental and social challenges, including habitat destruction, pollution, and local community displacement.
Biodiversity Conservation
- Current protected areas are limited, but they aim to meet the conservation objectives outlined in international frameworks like Agenda 21.
Pollution Concerns
- Coastal water quality is threatened by industrial and sewage pollution, oil spills, and runoff from urban areas.
Coastal Hazards
- Includes cyclones, storm surges, tsunamis, and the impacts of climate change, with significant implications for safety and liability.
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies
- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has identified approaches for coastal planning, including protection, accommodation, and retreat options.
Administration and Conflict
- Complex governance and overlapping administrative issues complicate effective coastal management, leading to conflicts over resources and management authority.
Conclusion on Coastal Management
- Coastal management issues often revolve around conflicts arising from competing interests, highlighting the need for collaborative solutions.
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