Coal and Petroleum Resources Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which year had the highest shortage percentage recorded?

  • 1997 (correct)
  • 1993
  • 1991
  • 1996

    • What was the shortage percentage in 1994?

    7.4

    The energy consumption for families in the neighborhood has decreased in the last five years.

    False

    In 1996, the shortage percentage was _____%

    <p>9.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one type of energy mentioned that families might consume.

    <p>coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels?

    <p>CNG is less polluting and can be used directly for burning in homes and factories. LPG is also a clean fuel for cooking and heating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads.

    <p>Bitumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process called?

    <p>Coal is formed from the remains of dead vegetation that were buried under soil, subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years. This process is called carbonisation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fossil fuels are ______, ______, and ______.

    <p>coal, petroleum, natural gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called ______.

    <p>refining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The least polluting fuel for vehicles is ______.

    <p>CNG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fossil fuels can be made in the laboratory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CNG is a more polluting fuel than petrol.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coke is an almost pure form of carbon.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coal tar is a mixture of various substances.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kerosene is not a fossil fuel.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.

    <p>Fossil fuels are exhaustible because they take millions of years to form and the current reserves are limited, which can be depleted through overuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the characteristics and uses of coke.

    <p>Coke is a tough, porous, black substance that is almost pure carbon. It is used in the manufacture of steel and in various industrial processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the process of formation of petroleum.

    <p>Petroleum is formed from the remains of sea organisms that settled at the bottom of the sea and over millions of years, were covered by sand and clay under high pressure and temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Energy Shortages in India

    • Significant power shortage recorded in India from 1991 to 1997, peaking at 11.5% in 1997.
    • Detailed shortage percentages:
      • 1991: 7.9%
      • 1992: 7.8%
      • 1993: 8.3%
      • 1994: 7.4%
      • 1995: 7.1%
      • 1996: 9.2%
      • 1997: 11.5%

    Natural Resources Classification

    • Natural resources are categorized into two types:
      • Inexhaustible Natural Resources: Unlimited in quantity (e.g., sunlight, air).
      • Exhaustible Natural Resources: Limited in quantity and susceptible to depletion (e.g., forests, coal, petroleum, natural gas).

    Coal

    • Hard, black fossil fuel used historically for cooking and in steam engines; essential for thermal power generation.
    • Formed through the carbonisation process from dead vegetation buried under soil over millions of years.
    • Processed to produce useful products:
      • Coke: Pure carbon used in steel manufacturing.
      • Coal Tar: Thick liquid with applications in dyes, drugs, explosives, and moth repellents.
      • Coal Gas: Historically used for street lighting; now a significant industrial fuel.

    Petroleum and Natural Gas

    • Petroleum: Derives from ancient marine organisms; major source of fuels like petrol and diesel.
      • First oil well drilled in Pennsylvania in 1859.
      • Found in regions like Assam, Gujarat, and the Godavari and Krishna river basins in India.
    • Refining of Petroleum: Complex process separating various constituents, yielding several products, including:
      • LPG for home and industrial fuel.
      • Kerosene for lamps and jet fuel.
      • Bitumen for road surfacing.

    Natural Gas

    • Cleaner fossil fuel, easily transportable via pipelines; compressed natural gas (CNG) is a significant alternative for vehicles due to lower pollution.
    • Plays a crucial role in the manufacturing of chemicals and fertilizers.
    • Reserves located in Tripura, Rajasthan, and Maharashtra.

    Environmental Concerns

    • Burning fossil fuels results in air pollution and contributes to global warming.
    • Conservation measures recommended by the Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) include:
      • Driving at steady speeds
      • Turning off engines during stops
      • Maintaining proper tyre pressures
      • Regular vehicle maintenance

    Key Takeaways

    • Fossil Fuels: Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are classified as fossil fuels formed from decomposed organic matter over millennia.
    • Exhaustibility: These resources are limited and require judicious use to maintain availability for future generations.
    • Product Uses: Multiple products derived from coal and petroleum play crucial roles in everyday life and various industrial applications.

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    Coal and Petroleum PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the natural and human-made resources of coal and petroleum, focusing on their importance and sustainability. We will discuss whether essential resources like air, water, and soil can be exhausted through human activities. Test your knowledge on these vital materials and their environmental implications!

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