Coagulation Factors and Biochemistry

What is the nature of coagulation factors?

What is unique about Factor XIII compared to other enzymes?

What is the function of serine proteases in coagulation?

Which of the following is NOT a procoagulant?

What is the purpose of γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues in serine proteases?

What is the function of α2 macroglobulin?

Which coagulation factor is not a zymogen?

What is the common feature of Factors II, IX, X, and XI?

What is the role of calcium in serine proteases?

What is the purpose of High Molecular Weight Kininogen in coagulation?

Which of the following is NOT a type of coagulation factor?

What is the common feature of Anti-thrombin III, complement I inhibitor, and α1 anti-trypsin?

Coagulation factors are proteins present in fresh plasma, differing in the number of amino acids.
Except for fibrinogen, all coagulation factors are either enzyme precursors or co-factors.
All enzymes except Factor XIII (transglutaminase) are serine proteases, capable of hydrolyzing peptide bonds.

Procoagulants are classified into two groups: zymogens and co-factors.
Zymogens are inactive materials that can be converted into enzymes by acid or another enzyme, and include Factors II, VII, IX, X, XI, XII, and Prekallikrein.
Co-factors include Factors V, VIII, Tissue Factor, and High Molecular Weight Kininogen.

Serine proteases are enzymes that contain residues of amino acids called gamma carboxyglutamic acid, which have 2 carboxyl groups attached to the gamma carbon of glutamic acid.
The extra carboxyl group creates a binding site for calcium.