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Questions and Answers
What is the theoretical storage efficiency for regional storage assessments for saline aquifers?
What is the theoretical storage efficiency for regional storage assessments for saline aquifers?
- 5% (correct)
- 10%
- 20%
- 30%
Which type of CO2 storage involves the production of blue hydrogen from natural gas with carbon capture?
Which type of CO2 storage involves the production of blue hydrogen from natural gas with carbon capture?
- Ocean Storage
- Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
- Disused gas fields storage (correct)
- Mineral carbonation
What is the greatest leakage risk for sequestration in depleted hydrocarbon fields?
What is the greatest leakage risk for sequestration in depleted hydrocarbon fields?
- Inefficient injection techniques
- Integrity of existing wells (correct)
- Corrosion of storage containers
- Inadequate geological characteristics
Where will CO2 be injected in the Northern Lights CCS project for sequestration?
Where will CO2 be injected in the Northern Lights CCS project for sequestration?
What is the first exploitation license for CO2 storage awarded to Equinor, Shell, and Total?
What is the first exploitation license for CO2 storage awarded to Equinor, Shell, and Total?
What is the depth at which CO2 will be injected in the Northern Lights CCS project?
What is the depth at which CO2 will be injected in the Northern Lights CCS project?
What is the theoretical storage capacity for ocean storage of CO2?
What is the theoretical storage capacity for ocean storage of CO2?
What is the main reason for low CO2 storage efficiency?
What is the main reason for low CO2 storage efficiency?
What is the primary risk to well integrity in sequestration in depleted hydrocarbon fields?
What is the primary risk to well integrity in sequestration in depleted hydrocarbon fields?
Where is the HyNet Project for blue hydrogen production and CO2 storage located?
Where is the HyNet Project for blue hydrogen production and CO2 storage located?
What are the trapping mechanisms for CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers?
What are the trapping mechanisms for CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers?
Which project is associated with CO2 storage in depleted oil reservoirs?
Which project is associated with CO2 storage in depleted oil reservoirs?
What is the injectivity index a function of?
What is the injectivity index a function of?
What is needed for structural and stratigraphic trapping to occur?
What is needed for structural and stratigraphic trapping to occur?
What is the purpose of CO2 plume migration and trapping mechanisms in saline aquifers?
What is the purpose of CO2 plume migration and trapping mechanisms in saline aquifers?
What are the examples of CO2 sequestration modeling mentioned in the text?
What are the examples of CO2 sequestration modeling mentioned in the text?
Which geological storage was operational in 1972?
Which geological storage was operational in 1972?
What is the purpose of CO2 storage inventories?
What is the purpose of CO2 storage inventories?
What does CO2 injector pressure represent in the context of CO2 accumulation?
What does CO2 injector pressure represent in the context of CO2 accumulation?
What type of trapping mechanism involves the physical entrapment of CO2 in the pore spaces of the rock?
What type of trapping mechanism involves the physical entrapment of CO2 in the pore spaces of the rock?
What can lead to top-seal failure and leakage in CO2 accumulation?
What can lead to top-seal failure and leakage in CO2 accumulation?
What influences capillary pressure in CO2 accumulation and can cause leakage if it matches the capillary threshold pressure of the seal?
What influences capillary pressure in CO2 accumulation and can cause leakage if it matches the capillary threshold pressure of the seal?
What is the process where CO2 dissolves in formation water, leading to trapping?
What is the process where CO2 dissolves in formation water, leading to trapping?
Which project has been sequestering 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year since 1996?
Which project has been sequestering 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year since 1996?
Which formation consists of 200m thick sands capped by mudstone and has been effective in storing CO2 without evidence of leakage?
Which formation consists of 200m thick sands capped by mudstone and has been effective in storing CO2 without evidence of leakage?
What have time-lapse seismic sections shown on Sleipner?
What have time-lapse seismic sections shown on Sleipner?
What does the injection simulation in the Utsira Formation suggest is possible in terms of CO2 injection?
What does the injection simulation in the Utsira Formation suggest is possible in terms of CO2 injection?
What indicates that about 400 million tons of CO2 can be stored in the Garn and Ile formations with an acceptable pressure increase using 4 injection wells?
What indicates that about 400 million tons of CO2 can be stored in the Garn and Ile formations with an acceptable pressure increase using 4 injection wells?
What type of aquifers are the Garn and Ile formations?
What type of aquifers are the Garn and Ile formations?
What can be yielded by injection into the Garn and Ile aquifer over 50 years with 4 injection wells?
What can be yielded by injection into the Garn and Ile aquifer over 50 years with 4 injection wells?
What can cause top-seal failure and leakage in CO2 accumulation?
What can cause top-seal failure and leakage in CO2 accumulation?
What influences capillary pressure in CO2 accumulation and can cause leakage if it matches the capillary threshold pressure of the seal?
What influences capillary pressure in CO2 accumulation and can cause leakage if it matches the capillary threshold pressure of the seal?
What type of trapping occurs as CO2 dissolves in formation water?
What type of trapping occurs as CO2 dissolves in formation water?
What is the CO2 storage capacity for ocean storage of CO2?
What is the CO2 storage capacity for ocean storage of CO2?
What project has been sequestering 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year since 1996?
What project has been sequestering 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year since 1996?
What have time-lapse seismic sections shown on Sleipner?
What have time-lapse seismic sections shown on Sleipner?
What is the depth at which CO2 will be injected in the Northern Lights CCS project for sequestration?
What is the depth at which CO2 will be injected in the Northern Lights CCS project for sequestration?
What is the primary risk to well integrity in sequestration in depleted hydrocarbon fields?
What is the primary risk to well integrity in sequestration in depleted hydrocarbon fields?
What is the process where CO2 dissolves in formation water, leading to trapping?
What is the process where CO2 dissolves in formation water, leading to trapping?
What is needed for structural and stratigraphic trapping to occur?
What is needed for structural and stratigraphic trapping to occur?
What is the primary risk associated with pressure build-up in CO2 accumulation?
What is the primary risk associated with pressure build-up in CO2 accumulation?
What can cause leakage in CO2 accumulation if it matches the capillary threshold pressure of the seal?
What can cause leakage in CO2 accumulation if it matches the capillary threshold pressure of the seal?
What type of trapping can CO2 storage in saline aquifers transition to over time?
What type of trapping can CO2 storage in saline aquifers transition to over time?
What can lead to mobile, residual, and dissolved CO2 plumes with potential for trapping and migration arrest by a seal?
What can lead to mobile, residual, and dissolved CO2 plumes with potential for trapping and migration arrest by a seal?
What occurs as CO2 dissolves in formation water as a trapping mechanism?
What occurs as CO2 dissolves in formation water as a trapping mechanism?
Which CO2 storage project has been sequestering 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year since 1996?
Which CO2 storage project has been sequestering 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year since 1996?
What has been effective in storing CO2 without evidence of leakage in the Sleipner project?
What has been effective in storing CO2 without evidence of leakage in the Sleipner project?
What has time-lapse seismic sections shown on the Sleipner project?
What has time-lapse seismic sections shown on the Sleipner project?
What does modeling suggest is possible for CO2 injection in the Utsira Formation?
What does modeling suggest is possible for CO2 injection in the Utsira Formation?
How much CO2 can be stored in the Garn and Ile formations using 4 injection wells?
How much CO2 can be stored in the Garn and Ile formations using 4 injection wells?
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Study Notes
CO2 Sequestration and Storage Lecture Summary
- Pressure build-up in CO2 accumulation can lead to top-seal failure and leakage if injection rate or CO2 column thickness is too high.
- Capillary pressure in CO2 accumulation is influenced by fluid density contrast and can cause leakage if it matches the capillary threshold pressure of the seal.
- CO2 storage in saline aquifers can transition from structural and stratigraphic trapping to residual, solubility, and mineral trapping over time.
- CO2 migration can be buoyancy-driven, leading to mobile, residual, and dissolved CO2 plumes with potential for trapping and migration arrest by a seal.
- Solubility trapping occurs as CO2 dissolves in formation water and mineral trapping involves the precipitation of new calcite minerals.
- The Sleipner CO2 Storage Project has been sequestering 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year since 1996, with CO2 separated from produced gas and injected into the Utsira formation.
- The Utsira Formation, where CO2 is injected, consists of 200m thick sands capped by mudstone and has been effective in storing CO2 without evidence of leakage.
- Time-lapse seismic sections have shown rapid vertical migration and lateral spreading of the CO2 plume on Sleipner.
- CO2 injection simulation in the Utsira Formation suggests up to 200 million tCO2 injection is possible, with migration and accumulation in surrounding structures over 8000 years.
- Modelling CO2 sequestration in the Garn and Ile formations indicates that about 400 million tons of CO2 can be stored with an acceptable pressure increase using 4 injection wells.
- The Garn and Ile formations are good quality, thick aquifers dipping about 2° towards the shore, suitable for CO2 storage.
- Injection into the Garn and Ile aquifer can yield 8 million tons/year over 50 years, requiring 4 injection wells and resulting in an acceptable pressure increase.
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