CO2 Sequestration and Storage Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the theoretical storage efficiency for regional storage assessments for saline aquifers?

  • 5% (correct)
  • 10%
  • 20%
  • 30%

    • Which type of CO2 storage involves the production of blue hydrogen from natural gas with carbon capture?

  • Ocean Storage
  • Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
  • Disused gas fields storage (correct)
  • Mineral carbonation

    • What is the greatest leakage risk for sequestration in depleted hydrocarbon fields?

  • Inefficient injection techniques
  • Integrity of existing wells (correct)
  • Corrosion of storage containers
  • Inadequate geological characteristics

    • Where will CO2 be injected in the Northern Lights CCS project for sequestration?

    <p>20 km south of the Troll Structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first exploitation license for CO2 storage awarded to Equinor, Shell, and Total?

    <p>Northern Lights CCS project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the depth at which CO2 will be injected in the Northern Lights CCS project?

    <p>2700m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theoretical storage capacity for ocean storage of CO2?

    <p>Dissolution type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for low CO2 storage efficiency?

    <p>Unfavorable CO2 - water mobility ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk to well integrity in sequestration in depleted hydrocarbon fields?

    <p>Corrosion by carbonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the HyNet Project for blue hydrogen production and CO2 storage located?

    <p>East Irish Sea Basin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the trapping mechanisms for CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers?

    <p>Structural/stratigraphic trapping, residual trapping, solubility trapping, mineral trapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which project is associated with CO2 storage in depleted oil reservoirs?

    <p>HyNet Project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the injectivity index a function of?

    <p>Formation permeability, fluid viscosity, thickness of permeable interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is needed for structural and stratigraphic trapping to occur?

    <p>Reservoir rock, trap, seal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of CO2 plume migration and trapping mechanisms in saline aquifers?

    <p>To prevent CO2 from escaping the storage site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the examples of CO2 sequestration modeling mentioned in the text?

    <p>The Utsira Formation, the Garn and Ile formations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geological storage was operational in 1972?

    <p>Val Verde USA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of CO2 storage inventories?

    <p>To track the amount of CO2 sequestered over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CO2 injector pressure represent in the context of CO2 accumulation?

    <p>Pressure increase required to inject at the target rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of trapping mechanism involves the physical entrapment of CO2 in the pore spaces of the rock?

    <p>Residual trapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to top-seal failure and leakage in CO2 accumulation?

    <p>High injection rate or CO2 column thickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences capillary pressure in CO2 accumulation and can cause leakage if it matches the capillary threshold pressure of the seal?

    <p>Fluid density contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process where CO2 dissolves in formation water, leading to trapping?

    <p>Solubility trapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which project has been sequestering 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year since 1996?

    <p>The Sleipner CO2 Storage Project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formation consists of 200m thick sands capped by mudstone and has been effective in storing CO2 without evidence of leakage?

    <p>Utsira Formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What have time-lapse seismic sections shown on Sleipner?

    <p>Rapid vertical migration and lateral spreading of the CO2 plume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the injection simulation in the Utsira Formation suggest is possible in terms of CO2 injection?

    <p>Up to 200 million tCO2 injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that about 400 million tons of CO2 can be stored in the Garn and Ile formations with an acceptable pressure increase using 4 injection wells?

    <p>Modelling CO2 sequestration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aquifers are the Garn and Ile formations?

    <p>Good quality, thick aquifers dipping about 2° towards the shore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be yielded by injection into the Garn and Ile aquifer over 50 years with 4 injection wells?

    <p>8 million tons/year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause top-seal failure and leakage in CO2 accumulation?

    <p>High injection rate or CO2 column thickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences capillary pressure in CO2 accumulation and can cause leakage if it matches the capillary threshold pressure of the seal?

    <p>Fluid density contrast and injection rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of trapping occurs as CO2 dissolves in formation water?

    <p>Solubility trapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the CO2 storage capacity for ocean storage of CO2?

    <p>Unlimited due to the vastness of the ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What project has been sequestering 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year since 1996?

    <p>The Sleipner CO2 Storage Project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What have time-lapse seismic sections shown on Sleipner?

    <p>Rapid vertical migration and lateral spreading of the CO2 plume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the depth at which CO2 will be injected in the Northern Lights CCS project for sequestration?

    <p>2000 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk to well integrity in sequestration in depleted hydrocarbon fields?

    <p>CO2 leakage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process where CO2 dissolves in formation water, leading to trapping?

    <p>Solubility trapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is needed for structural and stratigraphic trapping to occur?

    <p>Presence of suitable geological structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk associated with pressure build-up in CO2 accumulation?

    <p>Top-seal failure and leakage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause leakage in CO2 accumulation if it matches the capillary threshold pressure of the seal?

    <p>Fluid density contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of trapping can CO2 storage in saline aquifers transition to over time?

    <p>Residual and solubility trapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to mobile, residual, and dissolved CO2 plumes with potential for trapping and migration arrest by a seal?

    <p>Buoyancy-driven CO2 migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs as CO2 dissolves in formation water as a trapping mechanism?

    <p>Solubility trapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which CO2 storage project has been sequestering 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year since 1996?

    <p>The Sleipner CO2 Storage Project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been effective in storing CO2 without evidence of leakage in the Sleipner project?

    <p>The Utsira Formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has time-lapse seismic sections shown on the Sleipner project?

    <p>Rapid vertical migration and lateral spreading of the CO2 plume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does modeling suggest is possible for CO2 injection in the Utsira Formation?

    <p>Up to 200 million tCO2 injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much CO2 can be stored in the Garn and Ile formations using 4 injection wells?

    <p>About 400 million tons of CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    CO2 Sequestration and Storage Lecture Summary

    • Pressure build-up in CO2 accumulation can lead to top-seal failure and leakage if injection rate or CO2 column thickness is too high.
    • Capillary pressure in CO2 accumulation is influenced by fluid density contrast and can cause leakage if it matches the capillary threshold pressure of the seal.
    • CO2 storage in saline aquifers can transition from structural and stratigraphic trapping to residual, solubility, and mineral trapping over time.
    • CO2 migration can be buoyancy-driven, leading to mobile, residual, and dissolved CO2 plumes with potential for trapping and migration arrest by a seal.
    • Solubility trapping occurs as CO2 dissolves in formation water and mineral trapping involves the precipitation of new calcite minerals.
    • The Sleipner CO2 Storage Project has been sequestering 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year since 1996, with CO2 separated from produced gas and injected into the Utsira formation.
    • The Utsira Formation, where CO2 is injected, consists of 200m thick sands capped by mudstone and has been effective in storing CO2 without evidence of leakage.
    • Time-lapse seismic sections have shown rapid vertical migration and lateral spreading of the CO2 plume on Sleipner.
    • CO2 injection simulation in the Utsira Formation suggests up to 200 million tCO2 injection is possible, with migration and accumulation in surrounding structures over 8000 years.
    • Modelling CO2 sequestration in the Garn and Ile formations indicates that about 400 million tons of CO2 can be stored with an acceptable pressure increase using 4 injection wells.
    • The Garn and Ile formations are good quality, thick aquifers dipping about 2° towards the shore, suitable for CO2 storage.
    • Injection into the Garn and Ile aquifer can yield 8 million tons/year over 50 years, requiring 4 injection wells and resulting in an acceptable pressure increase.

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    Geol 40310 Lecture D3: CO2 Sequestration 2023 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of CO2 sequestration and storage with this quiz. Explore topics such as pressure build-up, capillary pressure, trapping mechanisms, and real-world examples like the Sleipner CO2 Storage Project. See how well you understand CO2 injection simulation and the potential for CO2 storage in different formations.

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