CMSC 203 Object-Oriented Programming Module 1

Study Notes

Programming Paradigms

Defines fundamental styles or approaches in coding.
Influences how developers write and organize software.

Procedural Programming

Centers around procedure calls; software is structured as a sequence of procedures.
Characteristics include:
- Sequential execution of processes.
- Utilization of functions and procedures.
- Maintenance of a global state for variables and functions.

Functional Programming

Focuses on computations considered as evaluations of mathematical functions.
Aims to reduce side effects by avoiding mutable data and state changes.
Key characteristics:
- Immutability of data.
- First-class functions that can be treated as any other variable.
- Pure functions that return the same output for the same input.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Structures software around data (objects) instead of functions and logic.
Core characteristics:
- Encapsulation: bundling data with methods that operate on that data.
- Inheritance: ability to create new classes based on existing ones, inheriting attributes and methods.
- Polymorphism: ability to process objects differently based on their data type or class.
- Abstraction: exposing only essential features while hiding complexity.

Event-Driven Programming

Program flow is influenced by events from user actions, sensor data, or inter-process communication.
Characteristics include:
- Event handlers that respond to specific actions.
- An event loop that listens and reacts to events.
- Asynchronous execution, allowing for tasks to run independently of the main program flow.

Origins of OOP

Simula (1960s):
- Developed by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard, introducing concepts of classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism.
Smalltalk (1970s):
- Created by Alan Kay as the first pure OOP language, emphasizing message passing and dynamic typing.

Rise of OOP

C++ (1980s):
- Bjarne Stroustrup integrated object-oriented features with C, enabling constructors, destructors, and operator overloading.
Objective C:
- Developed by Brad Cox and Tom Love, combining Smalltalk's capabilities with C, serving as the main language for Apple software development for an extended period.

Modern Era of OOP

Java (1990s):
- Launched by James Gosling, featuring automatic garbage collection and a comprehensive standard library, enhancing OOP adoption.
Python and other languages:
- Evolved to support and expand upon OOP principles, achieving widespread usage in contemporary software development.

Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of object-oriented programming as introduced in CMSC 203. It focuses on the programming paradigms, including procedural programming characteristics and structures. Perfect for those looking to solidify their understanding of foundational programming concepts.