CLS 224 Lecture 3: Integumentary System

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?

To serve as a moisturizer for skin

To provide protection against UV rays

To promote hair growth

To kill bacteria and lubricate the skin (correct)

Which type of sweat glands primarily secrete a clear solution mainly composed of water, salts, and metabolic waste products?

Sebaceous glands

Ceruminous glands

Eccrine glands (correct)

Apocrine glands

What is the role of acid in sweat secreted by sweat glands?

To create a pleasant odor

To enhance perspiration during exercise

To inhibit bacterial growth (correct)

To regulate body temperature

What are nails primarily made of?

Dead cells packed with keratin Signup and view all the answers

Melanocytes are responsible for which aspect of hair?

Determining pigment color Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a general function of body membranes?

Provide nutrient absorption Signup and view all the answers

What type of membrane is characterized as 'wet' or moist?

Mucous membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue primarily composes the superficial layer of the cutaneous membrane?

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Where are serous membranes found in the body?

Line open body cavities that are closed to the exterior Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue is primarily found underneath serous membranes?

Areolar connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which body membrane is primarily responsible for producing synovial fluid?

Synovial membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about epithelial membranes is true?

They are complex organs. Signup and view all the answers

Which membrane type lines body cavities that do not open to the exterior?

Serous membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the parietal layer of the serous membrane?

It lines a specific portion of the wall of the ventral body cavity. Signup and view all the answers

Which specific serous membrane is associated with the abdominal cavity?

Peritoneum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following body membranes provides a lubricating fluid for joints?

Synovial membrane Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue predominantly composes the epidermis?

Stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic differentiates the dermis's papillary layer from the reticular layer?

Thickness and composition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT belong to skin derivatives?

Serous membranes Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the outermost layer of the skin?

Epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What type of membrane is involved in lining the cavities surrounding the heart?

Pericardium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue?

Acts as a site for fat storage and shock absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the epidermis is primarily responsible for cell mitosis?

Stratum basale Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the dermis?

It contains a vascular supply. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of keratinocytes in the epidermis?

To provide a protective barrier through keratin production Signup and view all the answers

Where are melanocytes primarily located in the epidermis?

Stratum basale Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT found in the papillary layer of the dermis?

Sweat glands Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the stratum corneum is true?

It consists of 20 to 30 layers of dead cells. Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue primarily composes the dermis?

Dense connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Body Membranes

Essential functions include covering and protecting body surfaces, lining body cavities, and lubricating surfaces.
Divided primarily into two classifications: epithelial membranes and connective tissue membranes.

Epithelial Membranes

Cutaneous Membrane:
- Known as skin; it is a dry membrane forming the body’s outermost protective boundary.
- Comprises a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis) and a dense connective tissue layer (dermis).
Mucous Membrane (Mucosa):
- Surface is stratified or simple epithelium based on location, with a loose connective tissue backdrop (lamina propria).
- Lines cavities opening to the exterior, characterized as "wet" or moist; functions include absorption or secretion.
Serous Membrane (Serosa):
- Features a simple squamous epithelium with an underlying areolar connective tissue layer.
- Lines cavities closed to the outside, except for the dorsal body cavity and joints.
- Forms in pairs with a parietal layer lining the cavity and a visceral layer covering organs, separated by serous fluid.

Specific Serous Membranes

Peritoneum: Covers the abdominal cavity.
Pleura: Surrounds the lungs.
Pericardium: Encloses the heart.

Connective Tissue Membranes

Synovial Membrane:
- Composed solely of connective tissue; lines fibrous capsules surrounding joints.
- Produces lubricating fluid and cushions organs during movement, associated with bursae and tendon sheaths.

The Integumentary System (Skin)

Comprises the skin (cutaneous membrane) and derivatives including hair, nails, and glands (sweat and oil).

Skin Structure

Epidermis:
- Outer layer, stratified squamous epithelium, often keratinized.
- Avascular with nutrients diffusing from dermal blood vessels.
- Contains keratinocytes and melanocytes responsible for pigment production.
Dermis:
- Inner layer predominantly made of dense connective tissue, which includes two layers:
  - Papillary Layer: Contains dermal papillae for sensory reception and blood supply.
  - Reticular Layer: Houses blood vessels, glands, and nerve receptors for deeper sensations.
Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Tissue):
- Not part of the skin; composed of adipose tissue for fat storage, shock absorption, and temperature regulation.

Epidermal Layers

Stratum Basale: Base layer where cell mitosis occurs.
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum: Only in thick skin.
Stratum Corneum: Composed of 20-30 layers of shingle-like dead cells.

Skin Functions

Serves as a protective barrier, aids in sensation, regulates temperature, and excretes waste.

Skin Appendages

Sebaceous Glands:
- Produce sebum, moisturizing and antibacterial properties; activated at puberty, found except on palms/soles.
Sweat Glands:
- Two types:
  - Eccrine: Widely distributed, primarily secreting water.
  - Apocrine: Found in specific areas (armpits, genitalia), secreting a fatty substance alongside regular sweat.
Nails: Protect digits, made of dead cells packed with keratin, with coloration due to lack of pigment.
Hair:
- Produced by hair bulbs and consists of hard keratinized cells, with pigmentation provided by melanocytes.

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Description

This quiz covers Lecture 3 of CLS 224, focusing on the integumentary system and body membranes. Participants will explore the functions and classifications of body membranes, as well as the structure and functions of the skin and its appendages.